9129767 AQ8YYSAP 1 apa 50 date desc year Lucas 18 https://ajlucas.scrippsprofiles.ucsd.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A50%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22MEPFV35A%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sanchez-Rios%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESanchez-Rios%2C%20A.%2C%20Shearman%2C%20R.%20K.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Simmons%2C%20H.%20L.%2C%20Laurent%2C%20L.%20St.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Ijichi%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Jan%2C%20S.%20%282024%29.%20Characterization%20of%20Mixing%20at%20the%20Edge%20of%20a%20Kuroshio%20Intrusion%20into%20the%20South%20China%20Sea%3A%20Analysis%20of%20Thermal%20Variance%20Diffusivity%20Measurements.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E54%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%201121%26%23x2013%3B1142.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0007.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0007.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Characterization%20of%20Mixing%20at%20the%20Edge%20of%20a%20Kuroshio%20Intrusion%20into%20the%20South%20China%20Sea%3A%20Analysis%20of%20Thermal%20Variance%20Diffusivity%20Measurements%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alejandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sanchez-Rios%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Kipp%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shearman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harper%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simmons%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louis%20St.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laurent%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Takashi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ijichi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20Kuroshio%20occasionally%20carries%20warm%20and%20salty%20North%20Pacific%20Water%20into%20fresher%20waters%20of%20the%20South%20China%20Sea%2C%20forming%20a%20front%20with%20a%20complex%20temperature%5Cu2013salinity%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20T%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2013%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20S%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20structure%20to%20the%20west%20of%20the%20Luzon%20Strait.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20examine%20the%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20T%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2013%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20S%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20interleavings%20formed%20by%20alternating%20layers%20of%20North%20Pacific%20Water%20with%20South%20China%20Sea%20Water%20in%20a%20front%20formed%20during%20the%20winter%20monsoon%20season%20of%202014.%20Using%20observations%20from%20a%20glider%20array%20following%20a%20free-floating%20wave-powered%20vertical%20profiling%20float%20to%20calculate%20the%20fine-scale%20parameters%20Turner%20angle%2C%20Tu%2C%20and%20Richardson%20number%2C%20Ri%2C%20we%20identified%20areas%20favorable%20to%20double-diffusion%20convection%20and%20shear%20instability%20observed%20in%20a%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20T%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2013%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20S%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20interleaving.%20We%20evaluated%20the%20contribution%20of%20double-diffusion%20convection%20and%20shear%20instabilities%20to%20the%20thermal%20variance%20diffusivity%2C%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu03c7%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20using%20microstructure%20data%20and%20compared%20it%20with%20previous%20parameterization%20schemes%20based%20on%20fine-scale%20properties.%20We%20discover%20that%20turbulent%20mixing%20is%20not%20accurately%20parameterized%20when%20both%20Tu%20and%20Ri%20are%20within%20critical%20ranges%20%28Tu%20%3E%2060%3B%20Ri%20%3C%20%5Cu00bc%29.%20In%20particular%2C%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu03c7%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20associated%20with%20salt%20finger%20processes%20was%20an%20order%20of%20magnitude%20higher%20%286.7%20%5Cu00d7%2010%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22127%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20K%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%20than%20in%20regions%20where%20only%20velocity%20shear%20was%20likely%20to%20drive%20mixing%20%288.7%20%5Cu00d7%2010%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22128%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20K%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2205%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0007.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%2C%201520-0485%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fphoc%5C%2F54%5C%2F5%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0007.1.xml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-06-10T20%3A27%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z8V87Y22%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McKie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMcKie%2C%20T.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20MacKinnon%2C%20J.%20%282024%29.%20Submesoscale%20Dynamics%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%3A%20Inversions%20and%20Instabilities.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E129%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20e2023JC020563.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020563%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020563%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Submesoscale%20Dynamics%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%3A%20Inversions%20and%20Instabilities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Taylor%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McKie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20High%20resolution%20shipboard%20observations%20reveal%20the%20complex%20processes%20controlling%20the%20evolution%20and%20subduction%20of%20a%20cold%20and%20salty%2C%20dense%20filament%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20%28BoB%29.%20The%20filament%2C%20likely%20formed%20through%20coastal%20upwelling%2C%20was%20advected%20offshore%20by%20the%20mesoscale%20velocity%20field%2C%20and%20was%20brought%20adjacent%20to%20a%20shallow%2C%20low%20salinity%20mixed%20layer%20by%20mesoscale%20strain.%20The%20front%20that%20formed%20on%20the%20Eastern%20edge%20of%20the%20dense%20filament%20was%20observed%20to%20undergo%20both%20restratification%20and%20steepening%2C%20creating%20barrier%20layers%2C%20in%20response%20to%20evolving%20mesoscale%20and%20submesoscale%20convergence%20and%20divergences.%20Measurements%20and%20analyses%20indicate%20that%20the%20development%20of%20both%20small%5Cu2010scale%20instabilities%20such%20as%20symmetric%20instability%20%28SI%29%20and%20slightly%20larger%20scale%20ageostrophic%20secondary%20circulation%20%28ASC%29%2C%20acted%20in%20concert%20to%20subduct%20and%20stir%20surface%20heat%20into%20the%20interior.%20These%20mechanisms%20also%20drive%20the%20generation%20of%20temperature%20inversions%20from%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20O%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%281%5Cu00a0km%29%20lateral%20temperature%20variability%20at%20the%20surface%2C%20demonstrating%20the%20need%20for%20model%20parameterizations%20at%20such%20spatial%20scales.%20Our%20results%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20submesoscale%20dynamics%20in%20creating%20and%20warming%20barrier%20layers%2C%20facilitating%20vertical%20heat%20exchanges%2C%20and%20setting%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%2C%20a%20critical%20input%20to%20coupled%20atmosphere%5C%2Focean%20models%20of%20the%20southwest%20monsoon.%20Such%20complex%20dynamics%20should%20be%20considered%20in%20regions%20where%20salinity%20governs%20stratification%20and%20compensated%20waters%20stir.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Improving%20predictions%20for%20the%20monsoon%20seasons%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20depends%20on%20the%20accuracy%20of%20the%20ocean%27s%20surface%20temperatures%2C%20which%20involve%20both%20one%5Cu2010dimensional%20and%20three%5Cu2010dimensional%20processes%20that%20impact%20the%20vertical%20structure%20of%20the%20upper%20ocean.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20observed%20a%20cold%20and%20salty%20water%20mass%20that%20upwelled%20near%20the%20coast%20of%20India%20drift%20into%20the%20center%20of%20the%20Bay%20where%20it%20met%20ambient%20low%20salinity%20water%20to%20create%20surface%20lateral%20density%20gradients.%20High%5Cu2010resolution%20shipboard%20observations%20revealed%20evidence%20of%20small%5Cu2010scale%20physical%20processes%20as%20well%20as%20features%20typical%20of%20regions%20where%20the%20vertical%20structure%20is%20governed%20by%20salinity.%20The%20observations%20document%20the%20complexity%20of%20upper%20ocean%20heat%20content%20on%20scales%20less%20than%2010%5Cu00a0km%2C%20with%20impacts%20for%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20and%20couple%20ocean%20%5Cu2010atmosphere%20forecasting%20of%20the%20southwest%20monsoon.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20subduction%20of%20a%20dense%20filament%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20suggests%20the%20role%20of%20submesoscale%20processes%20in%20setting%20upper%20ocean%20heat%20content%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Barrier%20layers%20form%20at%20edges%20of%20fronts%2C%20sequestering%20heat%20from%20the%20surface%20and%20creating%20shallow%20mixed%20layers%20with%20lateral%20scales%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20O%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2810%5Cu00a0km%29%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Small%5Cu2010scale%20lateral%20temperature%20variability%20is%20exchanged%20vertically%20through%20instabilities%2C%20encouraging%20formation%20of%20temperature%20inversions%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2023JC020563%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%2C%202169-9291%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2023JC020563%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T21%3A12%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E7DY5U7W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stokes%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EStokes%2C%20I.%20A.%2C%20Kelly%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Waterhouse%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Whalen%2C%20C.%20B.%2C%20Klenz%2C%20T.%2C%20Hormann%2C%20V.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Centurioni%2C%20L.%20%282024%29.%20A%20Generalized%20Slab%20Model.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E54%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20949%26%23x2013%3B965.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0167.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0167.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Generalized%20Slab%20Model%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samuel%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kelly%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waterhouse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caitlin%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whalen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thilo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klenz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Verena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hormann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Centurioni%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20construct%20a%20generalized%20slab%20model%20to%20calculate%20the%20ocean%5Cu2019s%20linear%20response%20to%20an%20arbitrary%2C%20depth-variable%20forcing%20stress%20profile.%20To%20introduce%20a%20first-order%20improvement%20to%20the%20linear%20stress%20profile%20of%20the%20traditional%20slab%20model%2C%20a%20nonlinear%20stress%20profile%2C%20which%20allows%20momentum%20to%20penetrate%20into%20the%20transition%20layer%20%28TL%29%2C%20is%20used%20%5Bdenoted%20mixed%20layer%5C%2Ftransition%20layer%20%28MLTL%29%20stress%20profile%5D.%20The%20MLTL%20stress%20profile%20induces%20a%20twofold%20reduction%20in%20power%20input%20to%20inertial%20motions%20relative%20to%20the%20traditional%20slab%20approximation.%20The%20primary%20reduction%20arises%20as%20the%20TL%20allows%20momentum%20to%20be%20deposited%20over%20a%20greater%20depth%20range%2C%20reducing%20surface%20currents.%20The%20secondary%20reduction%20results%20from%20the%20production%20of%20turbulent%20kinetic%20energy%20%28TKE%29%20beneath%20the%20mixed%20layer%20%28ML%29%20related%20to%20interactions%20between%20shear%20stress%20and%20velocity%20shear.%20Direct%20comparison%20between%20observations%20in%20the%20Iceland%20Basin%2C%20the%20traditional%20slab%20model%2C%20the%20generalized%20slab%20model%20with%20the%20MLTL%20stress%20profile%2C%20and%20the%20Price%5Cu2013Weller%5Cu2013Pinkel%20%28PWP%29%20model%20suggest%20that%20the%20generalized%20slab%20model%20offers%20improved%20performance%20over%20a%20traditional%20slab%20model.%20In%20the%20Iceland%20Basin%2C%20modeled%20TKE%20production%20in%20the%20TL%20is%20consistent%20with%20observations%20of%20turbulent%20dissipation.%20Extension%20to%20global%20results%20via%20analysis%20of%20Argo%20profiling%20float%20data%20suggests%20that%20on%20the%20global%2C%20annual%20mean%2C%20%5Cu223c30%25%20of%20the%20total%20power%20input%20to%20near-inertial%20motions%20is%20allocated%20to%20TKE%20production.%20We%20apply%20this%20result%20to%20the%20latest%20global%2C%20annual-mean%20estimates%20for%20near-inertial%20power%20input%20%280.27%20TW%29%20to%20estimate%20that%200.08%20%5Cu00b1%200.01%20TW%20of%20the%20total%20near-inertial%20power%20input%20are%20diverted%20to%20TKE%20production.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0167.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%2C%201520-0485%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fphoc%5C%2F54%5C%2F3%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0167.1.xml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q4IQ5F7I%22%2C%222F3FBK29%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22JBN2ZMD6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-11T23%3A09%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Y97ZTQFC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-11-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBallard%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Sagers%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Poulain%2C%20P.-M.%2C%20Mackinnon%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sanchez-Rios%2C%20A.%20%282023%29.%20Out-of-plane%20arrivals%20recorded%20by%20drifting%20hydrophones%20during%20the%20Northern%20Ocean%20Rapid%20Surface%20Evolution%20Experiment.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Journal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E154%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%202757%26%23x2013%3B2768.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0022052%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0022052%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Out-of-plane%20arrivals%20recorded%20by%20drifting%20hydrophones%20during%20the%20Northern%20Ocean%20Rapid%20Surface%20Evolution%20Experiment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Megan%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sagers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre-Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poulain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mackinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alejandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sanchez-Rios%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20reports%20on%20an%20observation%20of%20three-dimensional%20%283D%29%20arrivals%20for%20which%20the%20change%20in%20the%20direction%20of%20horizontally%20refracted%20sound%20is%20nearly%20180%5Cu00b0.%20The%20experimental%20site%20is%20Jan%20Mayen%20Channel%20%28JMCh%29%2C%20which%20connects%20the%20Greenland%20and%20Norwegian%20Seas.%20During%20the%20experiment%2C%20signals%20from%20a%20moored%20source%20transmitting%20a%20500%5Cu20131500%5Cu2009Hz%20sweep%20every%204%5Cu2009h%20were%20recorded%20by%20three%20surface%20drifters%20equipped%20with%20hydrophone%20arrays.%20Over%20a%203-day%20period%2C%20the%20drifters%20moved%20north%20across%20JMCh%20toward%20the%20moored%20source.%20In%20each%20recording%2C%20an%20in-plane%20arrival%20is%20identified.%20In%20a%20subset%20of%20these%20recordings%2C%20a%20second%20arrival%20is%20observed%2C%20having%20travel%20time%20consistent%20with%20propagation%20from%20the%20moored%20source%2C%20turning%20at%20the%20ridge%20on%20the%20south%20side%20of%20the%20channel%2C%20and%20arriving%20at%20the%20drifters.%20In%20a%20smaller%20subset%20of%20recordings%2C%20a%20third%20arrival%20is%20also%20observed%20having%20travel%20time%20consistent%20with%20a%20turning%20point%20on%20the%20face%20of%20the%20bathymetric%20rise%20on%20the%20west%20end%20of%20the%20channel%20that%20forms%20the%20Jan%20Mayen%20volcano.%20A%203D%20ray%20trace%20is%20employed%20to%20show%20the%20change%20in%20direction%20results%20from%20repeated%20reflections%20from%20the%20seafloor%20such%20that%20it%20is%20classified%20as%20horizontal%20refraction%20and%20not%20a%20single-bounce%20reflection.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-11-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F10.0022052%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubs.aip.org%5C%2Fjasa%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F154%5C%2F5%5C%2F2757%5C%2F2919284%5C%2FOut-of-plane-arrivals-recorded-by-drifting%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-12-01T19%3A00%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225EED7VRU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zheng%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-09-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZheng%2C%20B.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Schlosser%2C%20T.%20L.%2C%20Anderson%2C%20C.%20R.%2C%20Send%2C%20U.%2C%20Davis%2C%20K.%2C%20Barton%2C%20A.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sosik%2C%20H.%20M.%20%282023%29.%20Dinoflagellate%20vertical%20migration%20fuels%20an%20intense%20red%20tide.%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E120%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2836%29%2C%20e2304590120.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2304590120%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2304590120%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dinoflagellate%20vertical%20migration%20fuels%20an%20intense%20red%20tide%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bofu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamara%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schlosser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarissa%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Uwe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Send%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heidi%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sosik%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Harmful%20algal%20blooms%20%28HABs%29%20are%20increasing%20globally%2C%20causing%20economic%2C%20human%20health%2C%20and%20ecosystem%20harm.%20In%20spite%20of%20the%20frequent%20occurrence%20of%20HABs%2C%20the%20mechanisms%20responsible%20for%20their%20exceptionally%20high%20biomass%20remain%20imperfectly%20understood.%20A%2050-y-old%20hypothesis%20posits%20that%20some%20dense%20blooms%20derive%20from%20dinoflagellate%20motility%3A%20organisms%20swim%20upward%20during%20the%20day%20to%20photosynthesize%20and%20downward%20at%20night%20to%20access%20deep%20nutrients.%20This%20allows%20dinoflagellates%20to%20outgrow%20their%20nonmotile%20competitors.%20We%20tested%20this%20hypothesis%20with%20in%20situ%20data%20from%20an%20autonomous%2C%20ocean-wave-powered%20vertical%20profiling%20system.%20We%20showed%20that%20the%20dinoflagellate%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Lingulodinium%20polyedra%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu2019s%20vertical%20migration%20led%20to%20depletion%20of%20deep%20nitrate%20during%20a%202020%20red%20tide%20HAB%20event.%20Downward%20migration%20began%20at%20dusk%2C%20with%20the%20maximum%20migration%20depth%20determined%20by%20local%20nitrate%20concentrations.%20Losses%20of%20nitrate%20at%20depth%20were%20balanced%20by%20proportional%20increases%20in%20phytoplankton%20chlorophyll%20concentrations%20and%20suspended%20particle%20load%2C%20conclusively%20linking%20vertical%20migration%20to%20the%20access%20and%20assimilation%20of%20deep%20nitrate%20in%20the%20ocean%20environment.%20Vertical%20migration%20during%20the%20red%20tide%20created%20anomalous%20biogeochemical%20conditions%20compared%20to%2070%20y%20of%20climatological%20data%2C%20demonstrating%20the%20capacity%20of%20these%20events%20to%20temporarily%20reshape%20the%20coastal%20ocean%5Cu2019s%20ecosystem%20and%20biogeochemistry.%20Advances%20in%20the%20understanding%20of%20the%20physiological%2C%20behavioral%2C%20and%20metabolic%20dynamics%20of%20HAB-forming%20organisms%20from%20cutting-edge%20observational%20techniques%20will%20improve%20our%20ability%20to%20forecast%20HABs%20and%20mitigate%20their%20consequences%20in%20the%20future.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-09-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2304590120%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220027-8424%2C%201091-6490%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpnas.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.2304590120%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TKICNGLT%22%2C%22WQ3JHP4G%22%2C%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22HXINLQGK%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-11T18%3A46%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2246QJLIR7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22DeFilippis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-09-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDeFilippis%2C%20J.%20P.%2C%20Cornuelle%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Hodgkiss%2C%20W.%20S.%2C%20Lenain%2C%20L.%2C%20Kuperman%2C%20W.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Alford%2C%20M.%20H.%20%282023%29.%20Observations%20and%20simulations%20of%20caustic%20formation%20due%20to%20oceanographic%20fine%20structure.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Journal%20of%20the%20Acoustical%20Society%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E154%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%201372%26%23x2013%3B1388.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0020830%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1121%5C%2F10.0020830%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Observations%20and%20simulations%20of%20caustic%20formation%20due%20to%20oceanographic%20fine%20structure%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jacob%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeFilippis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruce%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hodgkiss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lenain%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kuperman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20at-sea%20experiment%20in%20deep%20water%20was%20conducted%20to%20explore%20the%20impact%20of%20small-scale%20sound-speed%20variability%20on%20mid-frequency%20%281%5Cu201310%5Cu2009kHz%29%20acoustic%20propagation.%20Short-range%20%281%5Cu20135%5Cu2009km%29%20acoustic%20transmissions%20were%20sent%20through%20the%20upper%20ocean%20%280%5Cu2013200%5Cu2009m%29%20while%20oceanographic%20instruments%20simultaneously%20measured%20the%20ocean%20environment%20within%202%5Cu2009km%20of%20the%20single%20upper%20turning%20points%20of%20the%20acoustic%20transmissions.%20During%20these%20transmissions%2C%20acoustic%20receptions%20over%20a%207.875%5Cu2009m%20vertical%20line%20array%20show%20closely%20spaced%2C%20sometimes%20interfering%20arrivals.%20Ray%20and%20full-wave%20simulations%20of%20the%20transmissions%20using%20nearby%20sound-speed%20profiles%20are%20compared%20deterministically%20to%20the%20received%20acoustic%20signals.%20The%20sensitivity%20of%20the%20acoustic%20arrivals%20to%20the%20vertical%20scales%20of%20ocean%20sound%20speed%20is%20tested%20by%20comparing%20the%20observed%20and%20simulated%20arrival%20intensity%20where%20the%20sound-speed%20profile%20used%20by%20the%20simulation%20is%20smoothed%20to%20varying%20scales.%20Observations%20and%20modeling%20both%20suggest%20that%20vertical%20fine-scale%20structures%20%281%5Cu201310%5Cu2009m%29%20embedded%20in%20the%20sound-speed%20profile%20have%20strong%20second%20derivatives%20which%20allow%20for%20the%20formation%20of%20acoustic%20caustics%20as%20well%20as%20potentially%20interfering%20acoustic%20propagation%20multipaths.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-09-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1121%5C%2F10.0020830%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220001-4966%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpubs.aip.org%5C%2Fjasa%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F154%5C%2F3%5C%2F1372%5C%2F2909543%5C%2FObservations-and-simulations-of-caustic-formation%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%22PX424VPY%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22H66LIWM4%22%2C%222AQ2ECNM%22%2C%22AESGNTM6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-25T17%3A02%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EVGV7LW9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pinkel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-07-28%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPinkel%2C%20R.%2C%20Nguyen%2C%20S.%2C%20Smith%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Reineman%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Waterhouse%2C%20A.%20F.%20%282023%29.%20Vertical%20Momentum%20Transport%20by%20Internal%20Gravity%20Waves%20Above%20the%20Equatorial%20Undercurrent%20at%20140%26%23xB0%3BW.%20%3Ci%3EGeophysical%20Research%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E50%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2814%29%2C%20e2022GL101630.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL101630%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL101630%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Vertical%20Momentum%20Transport%20by%20Internal%20Gravity%20Waves%20Above%20the%20Equatorial%20Undercurrent%20at%20140%5Cu00b0W%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nguyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reineman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waterhouse%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Strong%20vertical%20shears%20occur%20in%20the%20upper%20Equatorial%20Ocean%20as%20the%20trade%20winds%20drive%20the%20South%20Equatorial%20Current%20westward%20above%20the%20eastward%20flowing%20Equatorial%20Undercurrent.%20An%20extremely%20large%20%5Cu201ceffective%20viscosity%5Cu201d%20or%20vertical%20momentum%20transport%20is%20required%20to%20maintain%20the%20speed%5Cu2010differential%20between%20the%20currents%20as%20observed.%20In%20the%202012%20EquatorMix%20Experiment%20data%20from%20a%201.8%5Cu00a0km%20optical%20fiber%20temperature%20array%20and%20a%20surface%20scattering%20radar%20were%20combined%20with%20high%5Cu2010resolution%20shipboard%20profiling%20CTD%20and%20Doppler%20sonar%20measurements%20to%20determine%20the%20directionality%20of%20energetic%20%5Cu223c600%5Cu00a0m%20wavelength%20internal%20waves%20existing%20above%20the%20Undercurrent.%20A%20large%20vertical%20momentum%20flux%20is%20found%20%28%5Cu223c10%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22124%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu00a0m%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu00a0s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22122%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%29%2C%20with%20waves%20excited%20by%20nocturnal%20sea%20surface%20convection%20and%20maintained%20by%20near%5Cu2010surface%20critical%20layer%20over%5Cu2010reflection.%20The%20net%20downward%5Cu2010westward%20momentum%20flux%20is%20an%20index%20of%20the%20energy%20lost%20during%20reflection%20below%20the%20Undercurrent.%20Together%20with%20near%5Cu2010surface%5Cu2010turbulence%2C%20these%20waves%20provide%20the%20momentum%20transport%20needed%20to%20balance%20the%20large%5Cu2010scale%20forcing%20of%20the%20equatorial%20current%20system.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20trade%20winds%20push%20equatorial%20surface%20waters%20westward%20over%20the%20eastward%20flowing%20Equatorial%20Undercurrent%20%5Cu223c100%5Cu00a0m%20below.%20Given%20the%20known%20basin%5Cu2010scale%20forcing%2C%20the%20observed%20velocity%20difference%20between%20these%20opposing%20flows%2C%20%5Cu223c1.5%5Cu00a0m%5Cu00a0s%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20is%20understandable%20provided%20the%20upper%20ocean%20has%20an%20%5Cu201ceffective%20viscosity%5Cu201d%20roughly%20equivalent%20to%20that%20of%20honey.%20Observed%20turbulence%20levels%20are%20insufficient%20to%20support%20this%20level%20of%20viscosity%20at%20depth.%20In%20the%202012%20EquatorMix%20Experiment%2C%20sea%20surface%20spatial%20observations%20from%20a%201.8%5Cu00a0km%20optical%20fiber%20temperature%5Cu2010sensing%20array%20and%20a%20Doppler%20radar%20were%20combined%20with%20rapidly%5Cu2010sampled%20vertical%20profiles%20of%20ocean%20density%20and%20velocity%20to%20identify%20a%20class%20of%20%5Cu223c600%5Cu00a0m%20wavelength%20internal%20gravity%20waves%20that%20exist%20above%20the%20Undercurrent.%20These%20exchange%20the%20westward%20momentum%20of%20the%20sea%20surface%20with%20the%20Undercurrent%27s%20eastward%20momentum.%20The%20waves%20are%20triggered%20by%20convection%20resulting%20from%20the%20nocturnal%20cooling%20of%20the%20sea%20surface.%20They%20propagate%20downward%20and%20westward%2C%20reflecting%20below%20the%20Undercurrent%20Core.%20The%20net%20momentum%20deposition%20is%20associated%20with%20the%20degree%20of%20dissipation%20in%20the%20deep%20reflection%20process.%20The%20upward%5Cu2010reflected%20waves%20arrive%20at%20the%20surface%20and%20subsequently%20reflect%20back%20downward%2C%20receiving%20additional%20energy%20and%20momentum%20from%20the%20wind%5Cu2010driven%20shear%20in%20a%20process%20known%20as%20critical%20layer%20over%5Cu2010reflection.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2C%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Key%20Points%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Energetic%20internal%20waves%20are%20found%20in%20the%20highly%20sheared%20region%20above%20the%20Equatorial%20Undercurrent%20in%20the%20Eastern%20Equatorial%20Pacific%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20waves%20support%20a%20large%20momentum%20exchange%20between%20the%20westward%20flowing%20S.%20Equatorial%20Current%20and%20the%20eastward%20moving%20Undercurrent%20below%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20waves%20are%20triggered%20by%20nocturnal%20convection%2C%20fueled%20by%20wind%20driven%20shear%2C%20and%20maintained%20by%20over%5Cu2010reflection%20at%20a%20near%5Cu2010surface%20critical%20layer%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-07-28%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2022GL101630%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220094-8276%2C%201944-8007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2022GL101630%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222F3FBK29%22%2C%2276YZHN77%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%2257AUVHRQ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-15T00%3A39%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JD4M2M4J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Masunaga%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMasunaga%2C%20E.%2C%20Alford%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Freudmann%2C%20A.%20R.-M.%20%282023%29.%20Numerical%20Simulations%20of%20Internal%20Tide%20Dynamics%20in%20a%20Steep%20Submarine%20Canyon.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E53%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2811%29%2C%202669%26%23x2013%3B2686.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0040.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0040.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Numerical%20Simulations%20of%20Internal%20Tide%20Dynamics%20in%20a%20Steep%20Submarine%20Canyon%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eiji%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Masunaga%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%20Rodriguez-Marin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freudmann%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20study%20investigates%20three-dimensional%20semidiurnal%20internal%20tide%20%28IT%29%20energetics%20in%20the%20vicinity%20of%20La%20Jolla%20Canyon%2C%20a%20steep%20shelf%20submarine%20canyon%20off%20the%20Southern%20California%20coast%2C%20with%20the%20Stanford%20Unstructured%20Nonhydrostatic%20Terrain-Following%20Adaptive%20Navier%5Cu2013Stokes%20Simulator%20%28SUNTANS%29%20numerical%20simulator.%20Numerical%20simulations%20show%20vertical%20structure%20and%20temporal%20phasing%20consistent%20with%20detailed%20field%20observations.%20ITs%20induce%20large%20%28approximately%2034%20m%20from%20peak%20to%20peak%29%20isotherm%20displacements%20and%20net%20onshore%20IT%20energy%20flux%20up%20to%20200%20W%20m%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20Although%20the%20net%20IT%20energy%20flux%20is%20onshore%2C%20the%20steep%20supercritical%20slope%20around%20the%20canyon%20results%20in%20strong%20reflection.%20The%20model%20provides%20the%20full%20life%20span%20of%20internal%20tides%20around%20the%20canyon%2C%20including%20internal%20tide%20generation%2C%20propagation%2C%20and%20dissipation.%20ITs%20propagate%20into%20the%20canyon%20from%20the%20south%20and%20are%20reflected%20back%20toward%20offshore%20from%20the%20canyon%5Cu2019s%20north%20side.%20In%20the%20inner%20part%20of%20the%20canyon%2C%20elevated%20mixing%20occurs%20in%20the%20middle%20layer%20due%20to%20an%20interaction%20between%20incident%20mode-1%20ITs%20and%20reflected%20higher-mode%20ITs.%20The%20magnitude%20of%20IT%20flux%2C%20generation%2C%20and%20dissipation%20on%20the%20south%20side%20of%20the%20canyon%20are%20higher%20than%20those%20on%20the%20north%20side.%20An%20interference%20pattern%20in%20horizontal%20kinetic%20energy%20and%20available%20potential%20energy%20with%20a%20scale%20of%20approximately%2020%5Cu201350%20km%20arises%20due%20to%20low-mode%20wave%20reflections.%20Our%20results%20provide%20new%20insight%20into%20IT%20dynamics%20associated%20with%20a%20small-scale%20canyon%20topography.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Significance%20Statement%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Internal%20waves%20play%20an%20important%20role%20in%20ocean%20circulations%20and%20ecosystems.%20In%20particular%2C%20internal%20waves%20with%20frequencies%20of%20tides%2C%20known%20as%20internal%20tides%2C%20strongly%20enhance%20energy%2C%20heat%2C%20and%20mass%20transport%20in%20coastal%20oceans.%20This%20study%20presents%20internal%20tide%20dynamics%20in%20La%20Jolla%20Canyon%2C%20California%2C%20using%20a%20high-resolution%20numerical%20model.%20Model%20results%20show%20energy%20convergence%20in%20the%20canyon%20leading%20to%20internal%20tide%20energy%20dissipation%20and%20mixing.%20Some%20parts%20of%20internal%20tide%20energy%20reflect%20back%20offshore%20resulting%20in%20standing%20internal%20waves%20off%20California.%20This%20study%20provides%20new%20insights%20into%20internal%20tide%20dynamics%20and%20energy%20budgets%20in%20submarine%20canyons.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0040.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%2C%201520-0485%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fphoc%5C%2F53%5C%2F11%5C%2FJPO-D-23-0040.1.xml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22PX424VPY%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-12-20T00%3A36%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FCXE3J4L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schlosser%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESchlosser%2C%20T.%20L.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Jones%2C%20N.%20L.%2C%20Nash%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ivey%2C%20G.%20N.%20%282022%29.%20Local%20winds%20and%20encroaching%20currents%20drive%20summertime%20subsurface%20blooms%20over%20a%20narrow%20shelf.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12043%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.12043%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Local%20winds%20and%20encroaching%20currents%20drive%20summertime%20subsurface%20blooms%20over%20a%20narrow%20shelf%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schlosser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ivey%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20ability%20to%20forecast%20the%20biological%20productivity%20of%20the%20coastal%20ocean%20relies%20on%20the%20quantification%20of%20the%20physical%20processes%20that%20deliver%20nutrients%20to%20the%20euphotic%20zone.%20Here%20we%20explore%20these%20pathways%20using%20observations%20of%20the%20coupled%20biological%20and%20physical%20variability%20of%20waters%20offshore%20of%20the%20east%20coast%20of%20Tasmania%20in%20the%20summertime.%20The%20observations%20include%20an%20array%20of%20moored%20autonomous%20profilers%20deployed%20over%20an%2018-d%20period-providing%20continuous%2C%20full-depth%20measurements%20of%20turbulent%20microstructure%2C%20temperature%2C%20velocity%2C%20and%20chlorophyll%20a%20%28Chl%20a%29%20fluorescence%2C%20complemented%20by%20shipboard%20nutrient%20measurements.%20Local%20upwelling%20was%20driven%20by%20the%20encroaching%20East%20Australian%20Current%20%28EAC%29%20extension%20onto%20the%20shelf%20and%20to%20a%20lesser%20extent%20the%20local%20winds.%20The%20interaction%20of%20the%20local%20winds%20and%20the%20encroaching%20boundary%20current%20was%20reflected%20in%20the%20shelf%20nutrient%20budget%20and%20led%20to%20a%20rapid%20increase%20in%20subsurface%20Chl%20a.%20Diffusive%20vertical%20fluxes%20had%20minimal%20impact%20on%20subsurface%20Chl%20a%20in%20the%20mid-shelf%20and%20outer-shelf.%20Upwelling-favorable%20winds%20were%20too%20weak%20to%20drive%20significant%20vertical%20mixing%2C%20and%20mixing%20associated%20with%20the%20current-driven%20Ekman%20transport%20was%20too%20deep%20compared%20to%20the%20euphotic%20zone%20depth.%20The%20observed%20subsurface%20Chl%20a%20did%20not%20reflect%20the%20satellite%20estimates%20of%20productivity.%20Since%20the%20EAC%20extension%20transports%20warm%2C%20low-nutrient%20surface%20waters%20from%20the%20subtropics%2C%20satellite%20chlorophyll%20measurements%20decreased%20during%20the%20same%20period%20the%20depth-averaged%20Chl%20a%20increased.%20This%20seeming%20paradox%20illustrated%20how%20long%20duration%2C%20full%20water%20column%20sampling%20can%20elucidate%20the%20coupled%20biological%20and%20physical%20processes%20that%20aid%20our%20ongoing%20effort%20to%20forecast%20the%20biological%20state%20of%20the%20coastal%20ocean.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.12043%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222AFI3YPJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lucas%20and%20Pinkel%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-03-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Pinkel%2C%20R.%20%282022%29.%20Observations%20of%20coherent%20transverse%20wakes%20in%20shoaling%20nonlinear%20internal%20waves.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-21-0059.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-21-0059.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Observations%20of%20coherent%20transverse%20wakes%20in%20shoaling%20nonlinear%20internal%20waves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Space-%20and%20time-continuous%20seafloor%20temperature%20observations%20captured%20the%20three-dimensional%20structure%20of%20shoaling%20nonlinear%20internal%20waves%20%28NLIWs%29%20off%20of%20La%20Jolla%2C%20California.%20NLIWs%20were%20tracked%20for%20hundreds%20of%20meters%20in%20the%20cross-%20and%20along-shelf%20directions%20using%20a%20fiber%20optic%20Distributed%20Temperature%20Sensing%20%28DTS%29%20seafloor%20array%2C%20complemented%20by%20an%20ocean-wave-powered%20vertical%20profiling%20mooring.%20Trains%20of%20propagating%20cold-water%20pulses%20were%20observed%20on%20the%20DTS%20array%20inshore%20of%20the%20location%20of%20polarity%20transition%20predicted%20by%20weakly%20nonlinear%20internal%20wave%20theory.%20The%20subsequent%20evolution%20of%20the%20temperature%20signatures%20during%20shoaling%20was%20consistent%20with%20that%20of%20strongly%20nonlinear%20internal%20waves%20with%20a%20large%20Froude%20number%2C%20highlighting%20their%20potential%20to%20impact%20property%20exchange.%20Unexpectedly%2C%20individual%20NLIWs%20were%20trailed%20by%20a%20coherent%2C%20small-scale%20pattern%20of%20seabed%20temperature%20variability%20as%20they%20moved%20across%20the%20mid-%20and%20inner%20shelf.%20A%20kinematic%20model%20was%20used%20to%20demonstrate%20that%20the%20observed%20patterns%20were%20consistent%20with%20a%20transverse%20instability%20with%20an%20along-crest%20wavelength%20of%20%5Cu223c10%20m%20%5Cu2013%20a%20distance%20comparable%20to%20the%20cross-crest%20width%20of%20the%20wave-core%20%5Cu2013%20and%20with%20an%20inferred%20amplitude%20of%20several%20meters.%20The%20signature%20of%20this%20instability%20is%20consistent%20with%20the%20span-wise%20vortical%20circulations%20generated%20in%20three-dimensional%20direct%20numerical%20simulations%20of%20shoaling%20and%20breaking%20nonlinear%20internal%20waves.%20The%20coupling%20between%20the%20small-scale%20transverse%20wave-wake%20and%20turbulent%20wave-core%20may%20have%20an%20important%20impact%20on%20mass%2C%20momentum%2C%20and%20tracer%20redistribution%20in%20the%20coastal%20ocean.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-03-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2FJPO-D-21-0059.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%2C%201520-0485%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fphoc%5C%2Faop%5C%2FJPO-D-21-0059.1%5C%2FJPO-D-21-0059.1.xml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2276YZHN77%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-31T22%3A05%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RJCB8WUB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zheng%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZheng%2C%20B.%20F.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Pinkel%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Le%20Boyer%2C%20A.%20%282022%29.%20Fine-Scale%20Velocity%20Measurement%20on%20the%20Wirewalker%20Wave-Powered%20Profiler.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Technology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20133%26%23x2013%3B147.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjtech-d-21-0048.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjtech-d-21-0048.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fine-Scale%20Velocity%20Measurement%20on%20the%20Wirewalker%20Wave-Powered%20Profiler%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Boyer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Wirewalker%20%28WW%29%20ocean-wave-powered%20vertical%20profiling%20system%20allows%20the%20collection%20of%20high-resolution%20oceanographic%20data%20due%20to%20its%20rapid%20profiling%2C%20hydrodynamically%20quiet%20operation%2C%20and%20long%20endurance.%20We%20have%20assessed%20the%20potential%20for%20measuring%20fine-scale%20ocean%20velocities%20from%20the%20Wirewalker%20platform%20using%20commercially%20available%20acoustic%20velocimeters.%20Although%20the%20vertical%20profiling%20speed%20is%20relatively%20steady%2C%20platform%20motion%20affects%20the%20velocity%20measurements%20and%20requires%20correction.%20We%20present%20an%20algorithm%20to%20correct%20our%20velocity%20estimates%20using%20platform%20motion%20calculated%20from%20the%20inertial%20sensors-accelerometer%2C%20gyroscope%2C%20and%20magnetometer-on%20a%20Nortek%20Signature1000%20acoustic%20Doppler%20current%20profiler%20%28ADCP%29.%20This%20correction%2C%20carried%20out%20ping%20by%20ping%2C%20was%20effective%20in%20removing%20the%20vehicle%20motion%20from%20the%20measured%20velocities.%20The%20motion-corrected%20velocities%20contain%20contributions%20from%20surface%20wave%20orbital%20velocities%2C%20especially%20near%20the%20surface%2C%20and%20the%20background%20currents.%20To%20proceed%2C%20we%20use%20an%20averaging%20approach%20that%20leverages%20both%20the%20vertical%20platform%20profiling%20of%20the%20system%20and%20the%20similar%20to%2015-20%20m%20vertical%20profiling%20range%20resolution%20of%20the%20down-looking%20ADCP%20to%20separate%20the%20surface%20wave%20orbital%20velocities%20and%20the%20background%20flow.%20The%20former%20can%20provide%20information%20on%20the%20wave%20conditions.%20From%20the%20latter%2C%20we%20are%20able%20to%20estimate%20fine-scale%20velocity%20and%20shear%20with%20spectral%20wavenumber%20rolloff%20at%20vertical%20scales%20around%203%20m%2C%20a%20vertical%20resolution%20several%20times%20finer%20than%20that%20possible%20from%20modern%20shipboard%20or%20fixed%20ADCPs%20with%20similar%20profiling%20range%2C%20and%20similar%20to%20recent%20glider%20measurements.%20When%20combined%20with%20a%20continuous%20time%20series%20of%20buoy%20drift%20calculated%20from%20the%20onboard%20GPS%2C%20a%20highly%20resolved%20total%20velocity%20field%20is%20obtained%2C%20with%20a%20unique%20combination%20of%20space%20and%20time%20resolution.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjtech-d-21-0048.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220739-0572%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2276YZHN77%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22UNB2Z6N4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-14T15%3A42%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SARFZSH4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWang%2C%20J.%2C%20Fu%2C%20L.-L.%2C%20Haines%2C%20B.%2C%20Lankhorst%2C%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Farrar%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Send%2C%20U.%2C%20Meinig%2C%20C.%2C%20Schofield%2C%20O.%2C%20Ray%2C%20R.%2C%20Archer%2C%20M.%2C%20Aragon%2C%20D.%2C%20Bigorre%2C%20S.%2C%20Chao%2C%20Y.%2C%20Kerfoot%2C%20J.%2C%20Pinkel%2C%20R.%2C%20Sandwell%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Stalin%2C%20S.%20%282022%29.%20On%20the%20Development%20of%20SWOT%20In%20Situ%20Calibration%5C%2FValidation%20for%20Short-Wavelength%20Ocean%20Topography.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Technology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E39%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%285%29%2C%20595%26%23x2013%3B617.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJTECH-D-21-0039.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJTECH-D-21-0039.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20the%20Development%20of%20SWOT%20In%20Situ%20Calibration%5C%2FValidation%20for%20Short-Wavelength%20Ocean%20Topography%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jinbo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lee-Lueng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruce%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haines%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lankhorst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farrar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Uwe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Send%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meinig%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oscar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schofield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Archer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aragon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sebastien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bigorre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerfoot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sandwell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stalin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20future%20Surface%20Water%20and%20Ocean%20Topography%20%28SWOT%29%20mission%20aims%20to%20map%20sea%20surface%20height%20%28SSH%29%20in%20wide%20swaths%20with%20an%20unprecedented%20spatial%20resolution%20and%20subcentimeter%20accuracy.%20The%20instrument%20performance%20needs%20to%20be%20verified%20using%20independent%20measurements%20in%20a%20process%20known%20as%20calibration%20and%20validation%20%28Cal%5C%2FVal%29.%20The%20SWOT%20Cal%5C%2FVal%20needs%20in%20situ%20measurements%20that%20can%20make%20synoptic%20observations%20of%20SSH%20field%20over%20an%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20O%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%28100%29%20km%20distance%20with%20an%20accuracy%20matching%20the%20SWOT%20requirements%20specified%20in%20terms%20of%20the%20along-track%20wavenumber%20spectrum%20of%20SSH%20error.%20No%20existing%20in%20situ%20observing%20system%20has%20been%20demonstrated%20to%20meet%20this%20challenge.%20A%20field%20campaign%20was%20conducted%20during%20September%202019%5Cu2013January%202020%20to%20assess%20the%20potential%20of%20various%20instruments%20and%20platforms%20to%20meet%20the%20SWOT%20Cal%5C%2FVal%20requirement.%20These%20instruments%20include%20two%20GPS%20buoys%2C%20two%20bottom%20pressure%20recorders%20%28BPR%29%2C%20three%20moorings%20with%20fixed%20conductivity%5Cu2013temperature%5Cu2013depth%20%28CTD%29%20and%20CTD%20profilers%2C%20and%20a%20glider.%20The%20observations%20demonstrated%20that%201%29%20the%20SSH%20%28hydrostatic%29%20equation%20can%20be%20closed%20with%201%5Cu20133%20cm%20RMS%20residual%20using%20BPR%2C%20CTD%20mooring%20and%20GPS%20SSH%2C%20and%202%29%20using%20the%20upper-ocean%20steric%20height%20derived%20from%20CTD%20moorings%20enable%20subcentimeter%20accuracy%20in%20the%20California%20Current%20region%20during%20the%202019%5C%2F20%20winter.%20Given%20that%20the%20three%20moorings%20are%20separated%20at%2010%5Cu201320%5Cu201330%20km%20distance%2C%20the%20observations%20provide%20valuable%20information%20about%20the%20small-scale%20SSH%20variability%20associated%20with%20the%20ocean%20circulation%20at%20frequencies%20ranging%20from%20hourly%20to%20monthly%20in%20the%20region.%20The%20combined%20analysis%20sheds%20light%20on%20the%20design%20of%20the%20SWOT%20mission%20postlaunch%20Cal%5C%2FVal%20field%20campaign.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2205%5C%2F2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2FJTECH-D-21-0039.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220739-0572%2C%201520-0426%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fatot%5C%2F39%5C%2F5%5C%2FJTECH-D-21-0039.1.xml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%223HSPBSXS%22%2C%2276YZHN77%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22HXINLQGK%22%2C%22Y5A7BU6J%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-09T23%3A42%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GRAQVJ2T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shroyer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A12%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EShroyer%2C%20E.%2C%20Tandon%2C%20A.%2C%20Sengupta%2C%20D.%2C%20Fernando%2C%20H.%20J.%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Farrar%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20Chattopadhyay%2C%20R.%2C%20de%20Szoeke%2C%20S.%2C%20Flatau%2C%20M.%2C%20Rydbeck%2C%20A.%2C%20Wijesekera%2C%20H.%2C%20McPhaden%2C%20M.%2C%20Seo%2C%20H.%2C%20Subramanian%2C%20A.%2C%20Venkatesan%2C%20R.%2C%20Joseph%2C%20J.%2C%20Ramsundaram%2C%20S.%2C%20Gordon%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20Bohman%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Subrahmanyam%2C%20B.%20%282021%29.%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20intraseasonal%20oscillations%20and%20the%202018%20monsoon%20onset.%20%3Ci%3EBulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E102%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%20E1936%26%23x2013%3BE1951.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-20-0113.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-20-0113.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bay%20of%20Bengal%20intraseasonal%20oscillations%20and%20the%202018%20monsoon%20onset%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shroyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tandon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sengupta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farrar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chattopadhyay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Szoeke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flatau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rydbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wijesekera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McPhaden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Venkatesan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ramsundaram%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gordon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bohman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simoes-Sousa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jayne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Todd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bhat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lankhorst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schlosser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20U.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jinadasa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mathur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mohapatra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20P.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sahai%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sharma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rainville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cherian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cullen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Centurioni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hormann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Send%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anutaliya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waterhouse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Black%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dehart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woods%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Creegan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Levy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kantha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subrahmanyam%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%2C%20the%20warm%2C%20dry%20boreal%20spring%20concludes%20with%20the%20onset%20of%20the%20summer%20monsoon%20and%20accompanying%20southwesterly%20winds%2C%20heavy%20rains%2C%20and%20variable%20air-sea%20fluxes.%20Here%2C%20we%20summarize%20the%202018%20monsoon%20onset%20using%20observations%20collected%20through%20the%20multinational%20Monsoon%20Intraseasonal%20Oscillations%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20%28MISO-BoB%29%20program%20between%20the%20United%20States%2C%20India%2C%20and%20Sri%20Lanka.%20MISO-BoB%20aims%20to%20improve%20understanding%20of%20monsoon%20intraseasonal%20variability%2C%20and%20the%202018%20field%20effort%20captured%20the%20coupled%20air-sea%20response%20during%20a%20transition%20from%20active-to-break%20conditions%20in%20the%20central%20BoB.%20The%20active%20phase%20of%20the%20similar%20to%2020-day%20research%20cruise%20was%20characterized%20by%20warm%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%20%3E%2030%20degrees%20C%29%2C%20cold%20atmospheric%20outflows%20with%20intermittent%20heavy%20rainfall%2C%20and%20increasing%20winds%20%28from%202%20to%2015%20m%20s%28-1%29%29.%20Accumulated%20rainfall%20exceeded%20200%20mm%20with%2090%25%20of%20precipitation%20occurring%20during%20the%20first%20week.%20The%20following%20break%20period%20was%20both%20dry%20and%20clear%2C%20with%20persistent%2010-12%20m%20s%28-1%29%20wind%20and%20evaporation%20of%200.2%20mm%20h%28-1%29.%20The%20evolving%20environmental%20state%20included%20a%20deepening%20ocean%20mixed%20layer%20%28from%20similar%20to%2020%20to%2050%20m%29%2C%20cooling%20SST%20%28by%20similar%20to%201%20degrees%20C%29%2C%20and%20warming%5C%2Fdrying%20of%20the%20lower%20to%20midtroposphere.%20Local%20atmospheric%20development%20was%20consistent%20with%20phasing%20of%20the%20large-scale%20intraseasonal%20oscillation.%20The%20upper%20ocean%20stores%20significant%20heat%20in%20the%20BoB%2C%20enough%20to%20maintain%20SST%20above%2029%20degrees%20C%20despite%20cooling%20by%20surface%20fluxes%20and%20ocean%20mixing.%20Comparison%20with%20reanalysis%20indicates%20biases%20in%20air-sea%20fluxes%2C%20which%20may%20be%20related%20to%20overly%20cool%20prescribed%20SST.%20Resolution%20of%20such%20biases%20offers%20a%20path%20toward%20improved%20forecasting%20of%20transition%20periods%20in%20the%20monsoon.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-20-0113.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-0007%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q4IQ5F7I%22%2C%222F3FBK29%22%2C%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22HXINLQGK%22%2C%22JBN2ZMD6%22%2C%22Y5A7BU6J%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-11T20%3A25%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S2BE5IHQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McPherson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMcPherson%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Stevens%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20O%26%23x2019%3BCallaghan%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Nash%2C%20J.%20D.%20%282021%29.%20Mechanisms%20of%20lateral%20spreading%20in%20a%20near-field%20buoyant%20river%20plume%20entering%20a%20fjord.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E8%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2021.680874%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2021.680874%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Mechanisms%20of%20lateral%20spreading%20in%20a%20near-field%20buoyant%20river%20plume%20entering%20a%20fjord%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McPherson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joanne%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Callaghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Observations%20collected%20from%20a%20fast-flowing%20buoyant%20river%20plume%20entering%20the%20head%20of%20Doubtful%20Sound%2C%20New%20Zealand%2C%20were%20analysed%20to%20examine%20the%20drivers%20of%20plume%20lateral%20spreading.%20The%20near-field%20plume%20is%20characterised%20by%20flow%20speeds%20of%20over%202%20ms-1%2C%20and%20strong%20stratification%20%28N-2%20%3E%200.1%20s%28-2%29%29%2C%20resulting%20in%20enhanced%20shear%20which%20supports%20the%20elevated%20turbulence%20dissipation%20rates%20%28epsilon%20%3E%2010%28-3%29%20W%20kg%28-1%29%29.%20Estimates%20of%20plume%20lateral%20spreading%20rates%20were%20derived%20from%20the%20trajectories%20of%20Lagrangian%20GPS%20surface%20drifters%20and%20from%20cross-plume%20hydrographic%20transects.%20Lateral%20spreading%20rates%20derived%20from%20the%20latter%20compared%20favourably%20with%20estimates%20derived%20from%20a%20control%20volume%20technique%20in%20a%20previous%20study.%20The%20lateral%20spreading%20of%20the%20plume%20was%20driven%20by%20a%20baroclinic%20pressure%20gradient%20toward%20the%20base%20of%20the%20plume.%20However%2C%20spreading%20rates%20were%20underestimated%20by%20the%20surface%20drifters.%20A%20convergence%20of%20near-surface%20flow%20from%20the%20barotropic%20pressure%20gradient%20concentrated%20the%20drifters%20within%20the%20plume%20core.%20The%20combination%20of%20enhanced%20internal%20turbulence%20stress%20and%20mixing%20at%20the%20base%20of%20the%20surface%20layer%2C%20and%20the%20presence%20of%20steep%20fjord%20sidewalls%20likely%20reduced%20the%20rate%20of%20lateral%20spreading%20relative%20to%20the%20theoretical%20spreading%20rate.%20The%20estimates%20of%20plume%20width%20from%20the%20observations%20provided%20evidence%20of%20scale-dependent%20dispersion%20which%20followed%20a%204%5C%2F3%20power%20law.%20Two%20theoretical%20models%20of%20dispersion%2C%20turbulence%20and%20shear%20flow%20dispersion%2C%20were%20examined%20to%20assess%20which%20was%20capable%20of%20representing%20the%20observed%20spreading.%20An%20analytical%20horizontal%20shear-flow%20dispersion%20model%20generated%20estimates%20of%20lateral%20dispersion%20that%20were%20consistent%20with%20the%20observed%204%5C%2F3%20law%20of%20dispersion.%20Therefore%2C%20horizontal%20shear%20dispersion%20appeared%20to%20be%20the%20dominant%20mechanism%20of%20dispersion%2C%20thus%20spreading%2C%20in%20the%20surface%20plume%20layer.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2021.680874%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G33LYDW5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22MacKinnon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMacKinnon%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Simmons%2C%20H.%20L.%2C%20Hargrove%2C%20J.%2C%20Thomson%2C%20J.%2C%20Peacock%2C%20T.%2C%20Alford%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20Barton%2C%20B.%20I.%2C%20Boury%2C%20S.%2C%20Brenner%2C%20S.%20D.%2C%20Couto%2C%20N.%2C%20Danielson%2C%20S.%20L.%2C%20Fine%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Graber%2C%20H.%20C.%2C%20Guthrie%2C%20J.%2C%20Hopkins%2C%20J.%20E.%2C%20Jayne%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20Jeon%2C%20C.%2C%20Klenz%2C%20T.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Wood%2C%20K.%20R.%20%282021%29.%20A%20warm%20jet%20in%20a%20cold%20ocean.%20%3Ci%3ENature%20Communications%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29%2C%202418.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-021-22505-5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41467-021-22505-5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20warm%20jet%20in%20a%20cold%20ocean%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Harper%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Simmons%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hargrove%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Peacock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Samuel%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brenner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Couto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Seth%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Danielson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guthrie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joanne%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hopkins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steven%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jayne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chanhyung%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jeon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thilo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klenz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Craig%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yueng-Djern%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lenn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bj%5Cu00f6rn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lund%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahaffey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rainville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Madison%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leif%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sinhu%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torres-Vald%5Cu00e9s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wood%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Unprecedented%20quantities%20of%20heat%20are%20entering%20the%20Pacific%20sector%20of%20the%20Arctic%20Ocean%20through%20Bering%20Strait%2C%20particularly%20during%20summer%20months.%20Though%20some%20heat%20is%20lost%20to%20the%20atmosphere%20during%20autumn%20cooling%2C%20a%20significant%20fraction%20of%20the%20incoming%20warm%2C%20salty%20water%20subducts%20%28dives%20beneath%29%20below%20a%20cooler%20fresher%20layer%20of%20near-surface%20water%2C%20subsequently%20extending%20hundreds%20of%20kilometers%20into%20the%20Beaufort%20Gyre.%20Upward%20turbulent%20mixing%20of%20these%20sub-surface%20pockets%20of%20heat%20is%20likely%20accelerating%20sea%20ice%20melt%20in%20the%20region.%20This%20Pacific-origin%20water%20brings%20both%20heat%20and%20unique%20biogeochemical%20properties%2C%20contributing%20to%20a%20changing%20Arctic%20ecosystem.%20However%2C%20our%20ability%20to%20understand%20or%20forecast%20the%20role%20of%20this%20incoming%20water%20mass%20has%20been%20hampered%20by%20lack%20of%20understanding%20of%20the%20physical%20processes%20controlling%20subduction%20and%20evolution%20of%20this%20this%20warm%20water.%20Crucially%2C%20the%20processes%20seen%20here%20occur%20at%20small%20horizontal%20scales%20not%20resolved%20by%20regional%20forecast%20models%20or%20climate%20simulations%3B%20new%20parameterizations%20must%20be%20developed%20that%20accurately%20represent%20the%20physics.%20Here%20we%20present%20novel%20high%20resolution%20observations%20showing%20the%20detailed%20process%20of%20subduction%20and%20initial%20evolution%20of%20warm%20Pacific-origin%20water%20in%20the%20southern%20Beaufort%20Gyre.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41467-021-22505-5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222041-1723%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22VU3YX83C%22%2C%22PX424VPY%22%2C%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%224RHG49DX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-05T16%3A09%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SKMTFJQ2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stokes%20and%20Lucas%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EStokes%2C%20I.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282021%29.%20Wave-slope%20soaring%20of%20the%20brown%20pelican.%20%3Ci%3EMovement%20Ecology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%281%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs40462-021-00247-9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs40462-021-00247-9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Wave-slope%20soaring%20of%20the%20brown%20pelican%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%20From%20the%20laboratory%20at%20Scripps%20Institution%20of%20Oceanography%2C%20it%20is%20common%20to%20see%20the%20brown%20pelican%20%28Pelecanus%20occidentalis%29%20traveling%20along%20the%20crests%20of%20ocean%20waves%20just%20offshore%20of%20the%20surf-zone.%20When%20flying%20in%20this%20manner%2C%20the%20birds%20can%20travel%20long%20distances%20without%20flapping%2C%20centimeters%20above%20the%20ocean%27s%20surface.%20Here%20we%20derive%20a%20theoretical%20framework%20for%20assessing%20the%20energetic%20savings%20related%20to%20this%20behavior%2C%20%27wave-slope%20soaring%2C%27%20in%20which%20an%20organism%20in%20flight%20takes%20advantage%20of%20localized%20updrafts%20caused%20by%20traveling%20ocean%20surface%20gravity%20waves.%20Methods%20The%20energy%20cost%20of%20steady%2C%20constant%20altitude%20flight%20in%20and%20out%20of%20ground%20effect%20are%20analyzed%20as%20controls.%20Potential%20flow%20theory%20is%20used%20to%20quantify%20the%20ocean%20wave-induced%20wind%20associated%20with%20near-shoaling%2C%20weakly%20nonlinear%2C%20shallow%20water%20ocean%20surface%20gravity%20waves%20moving%20through%20an%20atmosphere%20initially%20at%20rest.%20Using%20perturbation%20theory%20and%20the%20Green%27s%20function%20for%20Laplace%27s%20equation%20in%202D%20with%20Dirichlet%20boundary%20conditions%2C%20we%20obtain%20integrals%20for%20the%20horizontal%20and%20vertical%20components%20of%20the%20wave-induced%20wind%20in%20a%20frame%20of%20reference%20moving%20with%20the%20wave.%20Wave-slope%20soaring%20flight%20is%20then%20analyzed%20using%20an%20energetics-based%20approach%20for%20waves%20under%20a%20range%20of%20ocean%20conditions%20and%20the%20body%20plan%20of%20P.%20occidentalis.%20Results%20For%20ground%20effect%20flight%2C%20we%20calculate%20a%20similar%20to%2015%20-%2025%25%20reduction%20in%20cost%20of%20transport%20as%20compared%20with%20steady%2C%20level%20flight%20out%20of%20ground%20effect.%20When%20wave-slope%20soaring%20is%20employed%20at%20flight%20heights%20similar%20to%202m%20in%20typical%20ocean%20conditions%20%282m%20wave%20height%2C%2015s%20period%29%2C%20we%20calculate%2060-70%25%20reduction%20in%20cost%20of%20transport%20as%20compared%20with%20flight%20in%20ground%20effect.%20A%20relatively%20small%20increase%20in%20swell%20amplitude%20or%20decrease%20in%20flight%20height%20allows%20up%20to%20100%25%20of%20the%20cost%20of%20transport%20to%20be%20offset%20by%20wave-slope%20soaring%20behavior.%20Conclusions%20The%20theoretical%20development%20presented%20here%20suggests%20there%20are%20energy%20savings%20associated%20with%20wave-slope%20soaring.%20Individual%20brown%20pelicans%20may%20significantly%20decrease%20their%20cost%20of%20transport%20utilizing%20this%20mode%20of%20flight%20under%20typical%20ocean%20conditions.%20Thus%20wave-slope%20soaring%20may%20provide%20fitness%20benefit%20to%20these%20highly%20mobile%20organisms%20that%20depend%20on%20patchy%20prey%20distribution%20over%20large%20home%20ranges.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs40462-021-00247-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222051-3933%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22R8MME3AD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-31T22%3A50%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KKDRCHTG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hamann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHamann%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Alford%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Waterhouse%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Voet%2C%20G.%20%282021%29.%20Turbulence%20driven%20by%20reflected%20internal%20tides%20in%20a%20supercritical%20submarine%20canyon.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E51%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20591%26%23x2013%3B609.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-20-0123.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-20-0123.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Turbulence%20driven%20by%20reflected%20internal%20tides%20in%20a%20supercritical%20submarine%20canyon%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hamann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waterhouse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Voet%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20La%20Jolla%20Canyon%20System%20%28LJCS%29%20is%20a%20small%2C%20steep%2C%20shelf-incising%20canyon%20offshore%20of%20San%20Diego%2C%20California.%20Observations%20conducted%20in%20the%20fall%20of%202016%20capture%20the%20dynamics%20of%20internal%20tides%20and%20turbulence%20patterns.%20Semidiurnal%20%28D-2%29%20energy%20flux%20was%20oriented%20up-canyon%3B%2062%25%20%2B%5C%2F-%2020%25%20of%20the%20signal%20was%20contained%20in%20mode%201%20at%20the%20offshore%20mooring.%20The%20observed%20mode-1%20D-2%20tide%20was%20partly%20standing%20based%20on%20the%20ratio%20of%20group%20speed%20times%20energy%20c%28g%29E%20and%20energy%20flux%20F.%20Enhanced%20dissipation%20occurred%20near%20the%20canyon%20head%20at%20middepths%20associated%20with%20elevated%20strain%20arising%20from%20the%20standing%20wave%20pattern.%20Modes%202-5%20were%20progressive%2C%20and%20energy%20fluxes%20associated%20with%20these%20modes%20were%20oriented%20down-canyon%2C%20suggesting%20that%20incident%20mode-1%20waves%20were%20back-reflected%20and%20scattered.%20Flux%20integrated%20over%20all%20modes%20across%20a%20given%20canyon%20cross%20section%20was%20always%20onshore%20and%20generally%20decreased%20moving%20shoreward%20%28from%20240%20%2B%5C%2F-%2015%20to%205%20%2B%5C%2F-%200.3%20kW%29%2C%20with%20a%2050-kW%20increase%20in%20flux%20occurring%20on%20a%20section%20inshore%20of%20the%20canyon%27s%20major%20bend%2C%20possibly%20due%20to%20reflection%20of%20incident%20waves%20from%20the%20supercritical%20sidewalls%20of%20the%20bend.%20Flux%20convergence%20from%20canyon%20mouth%20to%20head%20was%20balanced%20by%20the%20volume-integrated%20dissipation%20observed.%20By%20comparing%20energy%20budgets%20from%20a%20global%20compendium%20of%20canyons%20with%20sufficient%20observations%20%28six%20in%20total%29%2C%20a%20similar%20balance%20was%20found.%20One%20exception%20was%20Juan%20de%20Fuca%20Canyon%2C%20where%20such%20a%20balance%20was%20not%20found%2C%20likely%20due%20to%20its%20nontidal%20flows.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20internal%20tides%20incident%20at%20the%20mouth%20of%20a%20canyon%20system%20are%20dissipated%20therein%20rather%20than%20leaking%20over%20the%20sidewalls%20or%20siphoning%20energy%20to%20other%20wave%20frequencies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-20-0123.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22PX424VPY%22%2C%222F3FBK29%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22J5ZYBUXJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T16%3A14%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TEPLTH7D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Le%20Boyer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELe%20Boyer%2C%20A.%2C%20Alford%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20Couto%2C%20N.%2C%20Goldin%2C%20M.%2C%20Lastuka%2C%20S.%2C%20Goheen%2C%20S.%2C%20Nguyen%2C%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hennon%2C%20T.%20D.%20%282021%29.%20Modular%2C%20Flexible%2C%20Low-Cost%20Microstructure%20Measurements%3A%20The%20Epsilometer.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Technology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E38%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20657%26%23x2013%3B668.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJTECH-D-20-0116.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2FJTECH-D-20-0116.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modular%2C%20Flexible%2C%20Low-Cost%20Microstructure%20Measurements%3A%20The%20Epsilometer%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Boyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Couto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goldin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lastuka%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goheen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22San%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nguyen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tyler%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hennon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20The%20Epsilometer%20%28%5Cu201cepsi%5Cu201d%29%20is%20a%20small%20%287%20cm%20diameter%20%5Cu00d7%2030%20cm%20long%29%2C%20low-power%20%280.15%20W%29%2C%20and%20extremely%20modular%20microstructure%20package%20measuring%20thermal%20and%20kinetic%20energy%20dissipation%20rates%2C%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu03c7%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20and%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu03b5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20Both%20the%20shear%20probes%20and%20FP07%20temperature%20sensors%20are%20fabricated%20in%20house%20following%20techniques%20developed%20by%20Michael%20Gregg%20at%20the%20Applied%20Physics%20Laboratory%5C%2FUniversity%20of%20Washington%20%28APL%5C%2FUW%29.%20Sampling%20eight%20channels%20%28two%20shear%2C%20two%20temperature%2C%20three-axis%20accelerometer%2C%20and%20a%20spare%20for%20future%20sensors%29%20at%2024%20bit%20precision%20and%20325%20Hz%2C%20the%20system%20can%20be%20deployed%20in%20standalone%20mode%20%28battery%20power%20and%20recording%20to%20microSD%20cards%29%20for%20deployment%20on%20autonomous%20vehicles%2C%20wave%20powered%20profilers%2C%20or%20it%20can%20be%20used%20with%20dropping%20body%20termed%20the%20%5Cu201cepsi-fish%5Cu201d%20for%20profiling%20from%20boats%2C%20autonomous%20surface%20craft%20or%20ships%20with%20electric%20fishing%20reels%20or%20other%20simple%20winches.%20The%20epsi-fish%20can%20also%20be%20used%20in%20real-time%20mode%20with%20the%20Scripps%20%5Cu201cfast%20CTD%5Cu201d%20winch%20for%20fully%20streaming%2C%20altimeter-equipped%2C%20line-powered%2C%20rapid-repeating%2C%20near-bottom%20shipboard%20profiles%20to%202200%20m.%20Because%20this%20winch%20has%20a%2025%20ft%20%28~7.6%20m%29%20boom%20deployable%20outboard%20from%20the%20ship%2C%20contamination%20by%20ship%20wake%20is%20reduced%20one%20to%20two%20orders%20of%20magnitude%20in%20the%20upper%2010%5Cu201315%20m.%20The%20noise%20floor%20of%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu03b5%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20profiles%20from%20the%20epsi-fish%20is%20~10%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu221210%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20W%20kg%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cu22121%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20This%20paper%20describes%20the%20fabrication%2C%20electronics%2C%20and%20characteristics%20of%20the%20system%2C%20and%20documents%20its%20performance%20compared%20to%20its%20predecessor%2C%20the%20APL%5C%2FUW%20Modular%20Microstructure%20Profiler%20%28MMP%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2FJTECH-D-20-0116.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220739-0572%2C%201520-0426%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fatot%5C%2F38%5C%2F3%5C%2FJTECH-D-20-0116.1.xml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22PX424VPY%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%224RHG49DX%22%2C%22UNB2Z6N4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T22%3A32%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RVAVS9R5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lekha%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELekha%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Sukhatme%2C%20J.%2C%20Joseph%2C%20J.%20K.%2C%20Ravichandran%2C%20M.%2C%20Kumar%2C%20N.%20S.%2C%20Farrar%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Sengupta%2C%20D.%20%282020%29.%20Quasi-biweekly%20mode%20of%20the%20Asian%20summer%20monsoon%20revealed%20in%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20surface%20observations.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E125%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2812%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020jc016271%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020jc016271%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quasi-biweekly%20mode%20of%20the%20Asian%20summer%20monsoon%20revealed%20in%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20surface%20observations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lekha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sukhatme%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ravichandran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kumar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farrar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sengupta%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Asian%20summer%20monsoon%20has%20a%20planetary-scale%2C%20westward%20propagating%20%5C%22quasi-biweekly%5C%22%20mode%20of%20variability%20with%20a%2010-25%20day%20period.%20Six%20years%20of%20moored%20observations%20at%2018%20degrees%20N%2C%2089.5%20degrees%20E%20in%20the%20north%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20%28BoB%29%20reveal%20distinct%20quasi-biweekly%20variability%20in%20sea%20surface%20salinity%20%28SSS%29%20during%20summer%20and%20autumn%2C%20with%20peak-to-peak%20amplitude%20of%203-8%20psu.%20This%20large-amplitude%20SSS%20variability%20is%20not%20due%20to%20variations%20of%20surface%20freshwater%20flux%20or%20river%20runoff.%20We%20show%20from%20the%20moored%20data%2C%20satellite%20SSS%2C%20and%20reanalyses%20that%20surface%20winds%20associated%20with%20the%20quasi-biweekly%20monsoon%20mode%20and%20embedded%20weather-scale%20systems%2C%20drive%20SSS%20and%20coastal%20sea%20level%20variability%20in%202015%20summer%20monsoon.%20When%20winds%20are%20calm%2C%20geostrophic%20currents%20associated%20with%20mesoscale%20ocean%20eddies%20transport%20Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna%20river%20water%20southward%20to%20the%20mooring%2C%20salinity%20falls%2C%20and%20the%20ocean%20mixed%20layer%20shallows%20to%201-10%20m.%20During%20active%20%28cloudy%2C%20windy%29%20spells%20of%20quasi-biweekly%20monsoon%20mode%2C%20directly%20wind-forced%20surface%20currents%20carry%20river%20water%20away%20to%20the%20east%20and%20north%2C%20leading%20to%20increased%20salinity%20at%20the%20moorings%2C%20and%20rise%20of%20sea%20level%20by%200.1-0.5%20m%20along%20the%20eastern%20and%20northern%20boundary%20of%20the%20bay.%20During%20July-August%202015%2C%20a%20shallow%20pool%20of%20low-salinity%20river%20water%20lies%20in%20the%20northeastern%20bay.%20The%20amplitude%20of%20a%2020-day%20oscillation%20of%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20%28SST%29%20is%20two%20times%20larger%20within%20the%20fresh%20pool%20than%20in%20the%20saltier%20ocean%20to%20the%20west%2C%20although%20surface%20heat%20flux%20is%20nearly%20identical%20in%20the%20two%20regions.%20This%20is%20direct%20evidence%20that%20spatial-temporal%20variations%20of%20BoB%20salinity%20influences%20sub-seasonal%20SST%20variations%2C%20and%20possibly%20SST-mediated%20monsoon%20air-sea%20interaction.%20Plain%20Language%20Summary%20The%20north%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20%28BoB%29%20is%20characterized%20by%201-10%20m%20deep%20layer%20of%20river%20water%2C%20very%20stable%20density%20stratification%2C%20and%20deep%20isothermal%20layer%20warmed%20by%20penetration%20of%20sunlight%20below%20the%20thin%20mixed%20layer.%20Thermodynamic%20structure%20of%20the%20upper%20ocean%20influences%20intraseasonal%20active-break%20cycles%20of%20the%20summer%20monsoon%20and%20promotes%20intensification%20of%20postmonsoon%20tropical%20cyclones%20by%20inhibiting%20storm-induced%20cooling%20of%20sea%20surface%20temperature.%20Hence%2C%20it%20is%20important%20to%20understand%20the%20space-time%20variability%20of%20surface%20salinity%20in%20this%20basin.%20The%20quasi-biweekly%20%2810-25%20day%29%20oscillation%20is%20a%20prominent%20mode%20of%20the%20Asian%20summer%20monsoon%2C%20seen%20in%20winds%2C%20cloudiness%2C%20rainfall%20and%20surface%20heat%20flux.%20Six%20years%20of%20mooring%20observations%20at%2018%20degrees%20N%20in%20the%20north%20BoB%20show%20large%20amplitude%20%282-8%20psu%29%20changes%20in%20surface%20salinity%20on%20quasi-biweekly%20timescales%20in%20summer%20and%20autumn.%20Using%20moored%20observations%2C%20satellite%20data%20and%20reanalyses%2C%20we%20show%20that%20changes%20in%20surface%20winds%20associated%20with%20quasibiweekly%20monsoon%20mode%20and%20its%20embedded%20low-pressure%20systems%20drive%20large%20changes%20in%20surface%20salinity%20and%20coastal%20sea%20level.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20response%20of%20SST%20to%20subseasonal%20variations%20of%20surface%20heat%20flux%20is%20enhanced%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20a%20thin%20layer%20of%20river%20water.%20These%20observations%20have%20important%20implications%20for%20regional%20air-sea%20interaction%20on%20subseasonal%20timescales.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020jc016271%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V5P8QFQE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garwood%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGarwood%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Naughton%2C%20P.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Jaffe%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20DeGelleke%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%20%282020%29.%20Larval%20cross-shore%20transport%20estimated%20from%20internal%20waves%20with%20a%20background%20flow%3A%20The%20effects%20of%20larval%20vertical%20position%20and%20depth%20regulation.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11632%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11632%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Larval%20cross-shore%20transport%20estimated%20from%20internal%20waves%20with%20a%20background%20flow%3A%20The%20effects%20of%20larval%20vertical%20position%20and%20depth%20regulation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naughton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeGelleke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Cross-shore%20velocities%20in%20the%20coastal%20ocean%20typically%20vary%20with%20depth.%20The%20direction%20and%20magnitude%20of%20transport%20experienced%20by%20meroplanktonic%20larvae%20will%20therefore%20be%20influenced%20by%20their%20vertical%20position.%20To%20quantify%20how%20swimming%20behavior%20and%20vertical%20position%20in%20internal%20waves%20influence%20larval%20cross-shore%20transport%20in%20the%20shallow%20%28similar%20to%2020%20m%29%2C%20stratified%20coastal%20waters%20off%20Southern%20California%2C%20we%20deployed%20swarms%20of%20novel%2C%20subsurface%20larval%20mimics%2C%20the%20Mini-Autonomous%20Underwater%20Explorers%20%28M-AUEs%29.%20The%20M-AUEs%20were%20programmed%20to%20maintain%20a%20specified%20depth%2C%20and%20were%20deployed%20near%20a%20mooring.%20Transport%20of%20the%20M-AUEs%20was%20predominantly%20onshore%2C%20with%20average%20velocities%20up%20to%2014%20cm%20s%28-1%29.%20To%20put%20the%20M-AUE%20deployments%20into%20a%20broader%20context%2C%20we%20simulated%20%3E%20500%20individual%20high-frequency%20internal%20waves%20observed%20at%20the%20mooring%20over%20a%2014-d%20deployment%3B%20in%20each%20internal%20wave%2C%20we%20released%20both%20depth-keeping%20and%20passive%20virtual%20larvae%20every%20meter%20in%20the%20vertical.%20After%20the%20waves%27%20passage%2C%20depth-keeping%20virtual%20larvae%20were%20usually%20found%20closer%20to%20shore%20than%20passive%20larvae%20released%20at%20the%20same%20depth.%20Near%20the%20top%20of%20the%20water%20column%20%283-5-m%20depth%29%2C%20similar%20to%2020%25%20of%20internal%20waves%20enhanced%20onshore%20transport%20of%20depth-keeping%20virtual%20larvae%20by%20%3E%3D%2050%20m%2C%20whereas%20only%201%25%20of%20waves%20gave%20similar%20enhancements%20to%20passive%20larvae.%20Our%20observations%20and%20simulations%20showed%20that%20depth-keeping%20behavior%20in%20high-frequency%20internal%20waves%20resulted%20in%20enhanced%20onshore%20transport%20at%20the%20top%20of%20the%20water%20column%2C%20and%20reduced%20offshore%20dispersal%20at%20the%20bottom%2C%20compared%20to%20being%20passive.%20Thus%2C%20even%20weak%20depth-keeping%20may%20allow%20larvae%20to%20reach%20nearshore%20adult%20habitats%20more%20reliably%20than%20drifting%20passively.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.11632%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T16%3A15%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XPCEFGJ7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaeger%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJaeger%2C%20G.%20S.%2C%20MacKinnon%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Shroyer%2C%20E.%2C%20Nash%2C%20J.%2C%20Tandon%2C%20A.%2C%20Farrar%2C%20J.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mahadevan%2C%20A.%20%282020%29.%20How%20spice%20is%20stirred%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E50%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29%2C%202669%26%23x2013%3B2688.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-19-0077.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-19-0077.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22How%20spice%20is%20stirred%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaeger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shroyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tandon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farrar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahadevan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20scale-dependent%20variance%20of%20tracer%20properties%20in%20the%20ocean%20bears%20the%20imprint%20of%20the%20oceanic%20eddy%20field.%20Anomalies%20in%20spice%20%28which%20combines%20anomalies%20in%20temperature%20T%20and%20salinity%20S%20on%20isopycnal%20surfaces%29%20act%20as%20passive%20tracers%20beneath%20the%20surface%20mixed%20layer%20%28ML%29.%20We%20present%20an%20analysis%20of%20spice%20distributions%20along%20isopycnals%20in%20the%20upper%20200m%20of%20the%20ocean%2C%20calculated%20with%20over%209000%20vertical%20profiles%20of%20T%20and%20S%20measured%20along%20similar%20to%204800%20km%20of%20ship%20tracks%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.%20The%20data%20are%20from%20three%20separate%20research%20cruises-in%20the%20winter%20monsoon%20season%20of%202013%20and%20in%20the%20late%20and%20early%20summer%20monsoon%20seasons%20of%202015%20and%202018.%20We%20present%20a%20spectral%20analysis%20of%20horizontal%20tracer%20variance%20statistics%20on%20scales%20ranging%20from%20the%20submesoscale%20%28similar%20to%201%20km%29%20to%20the%20mesoscale%20%28similar%20to%20100%20km%29.%20Isopycnal%20layers%20that%20are%20closer%20to%20the%20ML-base%20exhibit%20redder%20spectra%20of%20tracer%20variance%20at%20scales%20less%20than%20or%20similar%20to%2010%20km%20than%20is%20predicted%20by%20theories%20of%20quasigeostrophic%20turbulence%20or%20frontogenesis.%20Two%20plausible%20explanations%20are%20postulated.%20The%20first%20is%20that%20stirring%20by%20submesoscale%20motions%20and%20shear%20dispersion%20by%20near-inertial%20waves%20enhance%20effective%20horizontal%20mixing%20and%20deplete%20tracer%20variance%20at%20horizontal%20scales%20less%20than%20or%20similar%20to%2010%20km%20in%20this%20region.%20The%20second%20is%20that%20the%20spice%20anomalies%20are%20coherent%20with%20dynamical%20properties%20such%20as%20potential%20vorticity%2C%20and%20not%20interpretable%20as%20passively%20stirred.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-19-0077.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T16%3A15%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2268KY3DCV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garwood%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGarwood%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Musgrave%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282020%29.%20Life%20in%20internal%20waves.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E33%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%2038%26%23x2013%3B49.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2020.301%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2020.301%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Life%20in%20internal%20waves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musgrave%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Linear%20and%20nonlinear%20internal%20waves%20are%20widespread%20phenomena%20with%20important%20implications%20for%20the%20ocean%27s%20ecology.%20Here%2C%20we%20review%20the%20biological%20impacts%20of%20non-breaking%20internal%20waves%20for%20three%20broad%20categories%20of%20organisms%20sessile%20organisms%2C%20passive%20plankton%2C%20and%20depth-keeping%20plankton.%20We%20use%20heuristic%20simulations%20to%20contrast%20the%20effects%20of%20passing%20internal%20waves%20for%20each%20of%20these%20groups.%20In%20the%20case%20of%20irradiance%2C%20an%20isobaric%20quantity%2C%20light%20availability%20is%20only%20modulated%20for%20passive%20plankton.%20Wave-induced%20horizontal%20transport%20enhances%20this%20effect%2C%20because%20transport%20in%20the%20direction%20of%20wave%20propagation%20implies%20that%20passive%20plankton%20spend%20longer%20within%20each%20wave.%20This%20is%20true%20for%20both%20linear%20waves%2C%20where%20horizontal%20transport%20is%20due%20exclusively%20to%20Stokes%20drift%2C%20as%20well%20as%20for%20weakly%20nonlinear%20waves%2C%20where%20transport%20arises%20from%20both%20nonlinearity%20and%20Stokes%20drift.%20In%20the%20case%20of%20depth-keeping%20plankton%2C%20a%20similar%20effect%20is%20seen%20for%20isopycnal%20properties.%20In%20a%20simple%20example%2C%20where%20we%20set%20the%20vertical%20distribution%20of%20temperature%20to%20match%20that%20of%20density%2C%20wave-induced%20horizontal%20transport%20alters%20the%20overall%20water%20temperatures%20depth-keeping%20plankton%20are%20exposed%20to.%20These%20results%20emphasize%20that%20horizontal%20transport%20within%20internal%20waves%20is%20not%20only%20important%20to%20dispersal%20but%20also%20modulates%20the%20effects%20of%20wave-induced%20vertical%20disturbances%20on%20plankton.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2020.301%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CIC8RKSS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fearon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFearon%2C%20G.%2C%20Herbette%2C%20S.%2C%20Veitch%2C%20J.%2C%20Cambon%2C%20G.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Lemarie%2C%20F.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Vichi%2C%20M.%20%282020%29.%20Enhanced%20vertical%20mixing%20in%20coastal%20upwelling%20systems%20driven%20by%20diurnal-inertial%20resonance%3A%20Numerical%20experiments.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E125%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%289%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020jc016208%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1029%5C%2F2020jc016208%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Enhanced%20vertical%20mixing%20in%20coastal%20upwelling%20systems%20driven%20by%20diurnal-inertial%20resonance%3A%20Numerical%20experiments%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fearon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herbette%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Veitch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cambon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lemarie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vichi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20land-sea%20breeze%20is%20resonant%20with%20the%20inertial%20response%20of%20the%20ocean%20at%20the%20critical%20latitude%20of%2030%20degrees%20N%5C%2FS.%201-D%20vertical%20numerical%20experiments%20were%20undertaken%20to%20study%20the%20key%20drivers%20of%20enhanced%20diapycnal%20mixing%20in%20coastal%20upwelling%20systems%20driven%20by%20diurnal-inertial%20resonance%20near%20the%20critical%20latitude.%20The%20effect%20of%20the%20land%20boundary%20was%20implicitly%20included%20in%20the%20model%20through%20the%20%5C%22Craig%20approximation%5C%22%20for%20first-order%20cross-shore%20surface%20elevation%20gradient%20response.%20The%20model%20indicates%20that%20for%20shallow%20water%20depths%20%28%3Csimilar%20to%20100%20m%29%2C%20bottom%20shear%20stresses%20must%20be%20accounted%20for%20in%20the%20formulation%20of%20the%20%5C%22Craig%20approximation%2C%5C%22%20as%20they%20serve%20to%20enhance%20the%20cross-shore%20surface%20elevation%20gradient%20response%2C%20while%20reducing%20shear%20and%20mixing%20at%20the%20thermocline.%20The%20model%20was%20able%20to%20predict%20the%20observed%20temperature%20and%20current%20features%20during%20an%20upwelling%5C%2Fmixing%20event%20in%2060%20m%20water%20depth%20in%20St%20Helena%20Bay%20%28similar%20to%2032.5%20degrees%20S%2C%20southern%20Benguela%29%2C%20indicating%20that%20the%20locally%20forced%20response%20to%20the%20land-sea%20breeze%20is%20a%20key%20driver%20of%20diapycnal%20mixing%20over%20the%20event.%20Alignment%20of%20the%20subinertial%20Ekman%20transport%20with%20the%20surface%20inertial%20oscillation%20produces%20shear%20spikes%20at%20the%20diurnal-inertial%20frequency%3B%20however%20their%20impact%20on%20mixing%20is%20secondary%20when%20compared%20with%20the%20diurnal-inertial%20resonance%20phenomenon.%20The%20amplitude%20of%20the%20diurnal%20anticyclonic%20rotary%20component%20of%20the%20wind%20stress%20represents%20a%20good%20diagnostic%20for%20the%20prediction%20of%20diapycnal%20mixing%20due%20to%20diurnal-inertial%20resonance.%20The%20local%20enhancement%20of%20this%20quantity%20over%20St%20Helena%20Bay%20provides%20strong%20evidence%20for%20the%20importance%20of%20the%20land-sea%20breeze%20in%20contributing%20to%20primary%20production%20in%20this%20region%20through%20nutrient%20enrichment%20of%20the%20surface%20layer.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1029%5C%2F2020jc016208%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AM9Y5YHU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McPherson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMcPherson%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20Stevens%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20O%26%23x2019%3BCallaghan%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Nash%2C%20J.%20D.%20%282020%29.%20The%20role%20of%20turbulence%20and%20internal%20waves%20in%20the%20structure%20and%20evolution%20of%20a%20near-field%20river%20plume.%20%3Ci%3EOcean%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E16%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20799%26%23x2013%3B815.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fos-16-799-2020%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fos-16-799-2020%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20role%20of%20turbulence%20and%20internal%20waves%20in%20the%20structure%20and%20evolution%20of%20a%20near-field%20river%20plume%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McPherson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stevens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Callaghan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20along-channel%20momentum%20budget%20is%20quantified%20in%20the%20near-field%20plume%20region%20of%20a%20controlled%20river%20flow%20entering%20Doubtful%20Sound%2C%20New%20Zealand.%20Observations%20include%20highly%20resolved%20density%2C%20velocity%20and%20turbulence%2C%20enabling%20a%20momentum%20budget%20to%20be%20constructed%20over%20a%20control%20volume.%20Estimates%20of%20internal%20stress%20%28tau%29%20were%20made%20from%20direct%20measurements%20of%20turbulence%20dissipation%20rates%20%28epsilon%29%20using%20vertical%20microstructure%20profiles.%20High%20flow%20speeds%20of%20the%20surface%20plume%20over%202m%20s%28-1%29%20and%20strong%20stratification%20%28N-2%20similar%20to%2010%28-1%29%20s%28-2%29%29%20resulted%20in%20enhanced%20turbulence%20dissipation%20rates%20%28epsilon%20%3E%2010%28-3%29%20W%20kg%28-1%29%29%20and%20internal%20stress%20%28tau%20%3E%2010%28-2%29%20m%282%29%20s%28-2%29%29%20at%20the%20base%20of%20the%20surface%20layer.%20Internal%20waves%20were%20observed%20propagating%20along%20the%20base%20of%20the%20plume%2C%20potentially%20released%20subsequent%20to%20a%20hydraulic%20jump%20in%20the%20initial%201%20km%20downstream%20of%20the%20plume%20discharge%20point.%20The%20momentum%20flux%20divergence%20of%20these%20internal%20waves%20suggests%20that%20almost%2015%20%25%20of%20the%20total%20plume%20momentum%20can%20be%20transported%20out%20of%20the%20system%20by%20wave%20radiation%2C%20therefore%20playing%20a%20crucial%20role%20in%20the%20redistribution%20of%20momentum%20within%20the%20near-field%20plume.%20Observations%20illustrate%20that%20the%20evolution%20of%20the%20momentum%20budget%20components%20vary%20between%20the%20distinct%20surface%20plume%20layer%20and%20the%20turbulent%2C%20shear-stratified%20interfacial%20layer.%20Within%20the%20surface%20plume%2C%20a%20momentum%20balance%20was%20achieved.%20The%20dynamical%20balance%20demonstrates%20that%20the%20deceleration%20of%20the%20plume%2C%20driven%20by%20along-channel%20advection%2C%20is%20controlled%20by%20turbulence%20stress%20from%20the%20plume%20discharge%20point%20to%20as%20far%20as%203%20km%20downstream.%20In%20the%20interfacial%20layer%2C%20however%2C%20the%20momentum%20equation%20was%20dominated%20by%20the%20turbulence%20stress%20term%20and%20the%20balance%20was%20not%20closed.%20The%20redistribution%20of%20momentum%20within%20the%20shear-stratified%20layer%20by%20internal%20wave%20radiation%20and%20other%20hydraulic%20features%20could%20account%20for%20the%20discrepancy%20in%20the%20budget.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5194%5C%2Fos-16-799-2020%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221812-0784%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JZ2ZPJLP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaeger%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJaeger%2C%20G.%20S.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Mahadevan%2C%20A.%20%282020%29.%20Formation%20of%20interleaving%20layers%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.%20%3Ci%3EDeep-Sea%20Research%20Part%20Ii-Topical%20Studies%20in%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E172%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2019.104717%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2019.104717%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Formation%20of%20interleaving%20layers%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaeger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahadevan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Observations%20of%20the%20upper%20200%20m%20of%20the%20strongly%20stratified%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20reveal%20a%20host%20of%20interleaving%20layers%20of%20watermass%20properties.%20The%20features%20appear%20as%20isopycnal%20spice%20anomalies%20and%20form%20multiple%2C%20parallel%2C%20similar%20to%2010%20m%20thin%20layers%2C%20that%20are%20coherent%20over%20horizontal%20scales%20of%2030-80%20km.%20They%20are%20coincident%20with%20anomalies%20in%20density%20stratification%20and%20in%20some%20cases%2C%20with%20the%20vertical%20shear%20of%20horizontal%20velocity%2C%20but%20are%20not%20aligned%20with%20isopycnals.%20The%20cross-isopycnal%20slopes%20of%20these%20prominent%20features%20are%20O%2810%28-4%29%29%20and%20are%2C%20on%20average%2C%205%20to%2010%20times%20smaller%20than%20the%20expected%20slopes%20of%20passive%20tracer%20anomalies%20due%20to%20mesoscale%20stirring.%20We%20present%20two%20alternate%20mechanisms%20by%20which%20such%20interleaving%20layers%20can%20be%20created%20from%20existing%20lateral%20spice%20gradients%3A%20%28i%29%20stirring%20by%20vertically%20sheared%20submesoscale%20eddies%2C%20and%20%28ii%29%20near-inertial%20wave%20shear.%20A%20numerical%20simulation%20of%20a%20density%20%28and%20spice%29%20front%2C%20based%20on%20observations%20of%20a%20narrow%20and%20fast%20jet%2C%20develops%20a%20submesoscale%20vortex%20that%20produces%20spice%20layering%20similar%20to%20our%20observations.%20The%20layering%20suggests%20that%20even%20a%20weak%20vertical%20diffusivity%20would%20greatly%20enhance%20the%20horizontal%20mixing%20of%20spice%20at%20submesoscales%2C%20the%20scales%20of%20the%20proposed%20processes%2C%20through%20shear%20dispersion.%20The%20analysis%20of%20the%20observations%20draws%20attention%20to%20the%20prevalence%20of%20submesoscale%20dynamics%20and%20NIWs%20with%20unusually%20high%20vertical%20wavenumbers%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2019.104717%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220967-0645%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XXXWPQKP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Johnston%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A14%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJohnston%2C%20T.%20M.%20S.%2C%20MacKinnon%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Colin%2C%20P.%20L.%2C%20Haley%2C%20P.%20J.%2C%20Lermusiaux%2C%20P.%20F.%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Merrifield%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Merrifield%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20Mirabito%2C%20C.%2C%20Nash%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Ou%2C%20C.%20Y.%2C%20Siegeiman%2C%20M.%2C%20Terrill%2C%20E.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Waterhouse%2C%20A.%20F.%20%282019%29.%20Energy%20and%20momentum%20lost%20to%20wake%20eddies%20and%20lee%20waves%20generated%20by%20the%20north%20equatorial%20current%20and%20tidal%20flows%20at%20Peleliu%2C%20Palau.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E32%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%20110%26%23x2013%3B125.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2019.417%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2019.417%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Energy%20and%20momentum%20lost%20to%20wake%20eddies%20and%20lee%20waves%20generated%20by%20the%20north%20equatorial%20current%20and%20tidal%20flows%20at%20Peleliu%2C%20Palau%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20M.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20F.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lermusiaux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merrifield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Merrifield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mirabito%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siegeiman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Terrill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waterhouse%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20North%20Equatorial%20Current%20%28NEC%29%20transports%20water%20westward%20around%20numerous%20islands%20and%20over%20submarine%20ridges%20in%20the%20western%20Pacific.%20As%20the%20currents%20flow%20over%20and%20around%20this%20topography%2C%20the%20central%20question%20is%3A%20how%20are%20momentum%20and%20energy%20in%20the%20incident%20flow%20transferred%20to%20finer%20scales%3F%20At%20the%20south%20point%20of%20Peleliu%20Island%2C%20Palau%2C%20a%20combination%20of%20strong%20NEC%20currents%20and%20tides%20flow%20over%20a%20steep%2C%20submarine%20ridge.%20Energy%20cascades%20suddenly%20from%20the%20NEC%20via%20the%201%20km%20scale%20lee%20waves%20and%20wake%20eddies%20to%20turbulence.%20These%20submesoscale%20wake%20eddies%20are%20observed%20every%20tidal%20cycle%2C%20and%20also%20in%20model%20simulations.%20As%20the%20flow%20in%20each%20eddy%20recirculates%20and%20encounters%20the%20incident%20flow%20again%2C%20the%20associated%20front%20contains%20interleaving%20temperature%20%28T%29%20structures%20with%201-10%20m%20horizontal%20extent.%20Turbulent%20dissipation%20%28epsilon%29%20exceeds%2010%28-5%29%20W%20kg%28-1%29%20along%20this%20tilted%20and%20strongly%20sheared%20front.%20A%20train%20of%20such%20submesoscale%20eddies%20can%20be%20seen%20at%20least%2050%20km%20downstream.%20Internal%20lee%20waves%20with%201%20km%20wavelengths%20are%20also%20observed%20over%20the%20submarine%20ridge.%20The%20mean%20form%20drag%20exerted%20by%20the%20waves%20%28i.e.%2C%20upward%20transport%20of%20eastward%20momentum%29%20of%20about%201%20Pa%20is%20sufficient%20to%20substantially%20reduce%20the%20westward%20NEC%2C%20if%20not%20for%20other%20forcing%2C%20and%20is%20greater%20than%20the%20turbulent%20bottom%20drag%20of%20about%200.1%20Pa.%20The%20effect%20on%20the%20incident%20flow%20of%20the%20form%20drag%20from%20only%20one%20submarine%20ridge%20may%20be%20similar%20to%20the%20bottom%20drag%20along%20the%20entire%20coastline%20of%20Palau.%20The%20observed%20epsilon%20is%20also%20consistent%20with%20local%20dissipation%20of%20lee%20wave%20energy.%20The%20circulation%2C%20including%20lee%20waves%20and%20wake%20eddies%2C%20was%20simulated%20by%20a%20data-driven%20primitive%20equation%20ocean%20model.%20The%20model%20estimates%20of%20the%20form%20drags%20exerted%20by%20pressure%20drops%20across%20the%20submarine%20ridge%20and%20due%20to%20wake%20eddies%20were%20found%20to%20be%20about%2010%20times%20higher%20than%20the%20lee%20wave%20and%20turbulent%20bottom%20drags.%20The%20ridge%20form%20drag%20was%20correlated%20to%20both%20the%20tidal%20flow%20and%20winds%20while%20the%20submesoscale%20wake%20eddy%20drag%20was%20mainly%20tidal.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2019.417%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228P36D8SK%22%2C%22DKWVJK25%22%2C%22BJ844U2D%22%2C%222F3FBK29%22%2C%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22P2Q52LDE%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T22%3A52%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YKLBADE2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Franks%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFranks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Garwood%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Ouimet%2C%20M.%2C%20Cortes%2C%20J.%2C%20Musgrave%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20Stokes%20drift%20of%20plankton%20in%20linear%20internal%20waves%3A%20Cross-shore%20transport%20of%20neutrally%20buoyant%20and%20depth-keeping%20organisms.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11389%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11389%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Stokes%20drift%20of%20plankton%20in%20linear%20internal%20waves%3A%20Cross-shore%20transport%20of%20neutrally%20buoyant%20and%20depth-keeping%20organisms%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ouimet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cortes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musgrave%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20meroplanktonic%20larvae%20of%20many%20invertebrate%20and%20vertebrate%20species%20rely%20on%20physical%20transport%20to%20move%20them%20across%20the%20shelf%20to%20their%20adult%20habitats.%20One%20potential%20mechanism%20for%20cross-shore%20larval%20transport%20is%20Stokes%20drift%20in%20internal%20waves.%20Here%2C%20we%20develop%20theory%20to%20quantify%20the%20Stokes%20velocities%20of%20neutrally%20buoyant%20and%20depth-keeping%20organisms%20in%20linear%20internal%20waves%20in%20shallow%20water.%20We%20apply%20the%20analyses%20to%20theoretical%20and%20measured%20internal%20wave%20fields%2C%20and%20compare%20results%20with%20a%20numerical%20model.%20Near%20the%20surface%20and%20bottom%20boundaries%2C%20both%20neutrally%20buoyant%20and%20depth-keeping%20organisms%20were%20transported%20in%20the%20direction%20of%20the%20wave%27s%20phase%20propagation.%20However%2C%20neutrally%20buoyant%20organisms%20were%20transported%20in%20the%20opposite%20direction%20of%20the%20wave%27s%20phase%20at%20mid%20depths%2C%20while%20depth-keeping%20organisms%20had%20zero%20net%20transport%20there.%20Weakly%20depth-keeping%20organisms%20had%20Stokes%20drifts%20between%20the%20perfectly%20depth-keeping%20and%20neutrally%20buoyant%20organisms.%20For%20reasonable%20wave%20amplitudes%20and%20phase%20speeds%2C%20organisms%20would%20experience%20horizontal%20Stokes%20speeds%20of%20several%20centimeters%20per%20second-or%20a%20few%20kilometers%20per%20day%20in%20a%20constant%20wave%20field.%20With%20onshore-polarized%20internal%20waves%2C%20Stokes%20drift%20in%20internal%20waves%20presents%20a%20predictable%20mechanism%20for%20onshore%20transport%20of%20meroplanktonic%20larvae%20and%20other%20organisms%20near%20the%20surface%2C%20and%20offshore%20transport%20at%20mid%20depths.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.11389%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T18%3A57%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223QTLY3PN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garwood%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGarwood%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Naughton%2C%20P.%2C%20Alford%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20Roberts%2C%20P.%20L.%20D.%2C%20Jaffe%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20DeGelleke%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%20%282019%29.%20A%20novel%20cross-shore%20transport%20mechanism%20revealed%20by%20subsurface%2C%20robotic%20larval%20mimics%3A%20Internal%20wave%20deformation%20of%20the%20background%20velocity%20field.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11400%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Flno.11400%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20novel%20cross-shore%20transport%20mechanism%20revealed%20by%20subsurface%2C%20robotic%20larval%20mimics%3A%20Internal%20wave%20deformation%20of%20the%20background%20velocity%20field%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Naughton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeGelleke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Coastal%20physical%20processes%20are%20essential%20for%20the%20cross-shore%20transport%20of%20meroplanktonic%20larvae%20to%20their%20benthic%20adult%20habitats.%20To%20investigate%20these%20processes%2C%20we%20released%20a%20swarm%20of%20novel%2C%20trackable%2C%20subsurface%20vehicles%2C%20the%20Mini-Autonomous%20Underwater%20Explorer%20%28M-AUEs%29%2C%20which%20we%20programmed%20to%20mimic%20larval%20depth-keeping%20behavior.%20The%20M-AUE%20swarm%20measured%20a%20sudden%20net%20onshore%20transport%20of%2030-70%20m%20over%2015-20%20min%2C%20which%20we%20investigated%20in%20detail.%20Here%2C%20we%20describe%20a%20novel%20transport%20mechanism%20of%20depth-keeping%20plankton%20revealed%20by%20these%20observations.%20In%20situ%20measurements%20and%20models%20showed%20that%2C%20as%20a%20weakly%20nonlinear%20internal%20wave%20propagated%20through%20the%20swarm%2C%20it%20deformed%20surface-intensified%2C%20along-isopycnal%20background%20velocities%20downward%2C%20accelerating%20depth-keeping%20organisms%20onshore.%20These%20higher%20velocities%20increased%20both%20the%20depth-keepers%27%20residence%20time%20in%20the%20wave%20and%20total%20cross-shore%20displacement%2C%20leading%20to%20wave-induced%20transports%20twice%20those%20of%20fully%20Lagrangian%20organisms%20and%20four%20times%20those%20associated%20with%20the%20unperturbed%20background%20currents.%20Our%20analyses%20also%20show%20that%20integrating%20velocity%20time%20series%20from%20virtual%20larvae%20or%20mimics%20moving%20with%20the%20flow%20yields%20both%20larger%20and%20more%20accurate%20transport%20estimates%20than%20integrating%20velocity%20time%20series%20obtained%20at%20a%20point%20%28Eulerian%29.%20The%20increased%20cross-shore%20transport%20of%20organisms%20capable%20of%20vertical%20swimming%20in%20this%20wave%5C%2Fbackground-current%20system%20is%20mathematically%20analogous%20to%20the%20increase%20in%20onshore%20transport%20associated%20with%20horizontal%20swimming%20in%20highly%20nonlinear%20internal%20waves.%20However%2C%20the%20mechanism%20described%20here%20requires%20much%20weaker%20swimming%20speeds%20%28mm%20s%28-1%29%20vs.%20cm%20s%28-1%29%29%20to%20achieve%20significant%20onshore%20transports%2C%20and%20meroplanktonic%20larvae%20only%20need%20to%20orient%20themselves%20vertically%2C%20not%20horizontally.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F12%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Flno.11400%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22PX424VPY%22%2C%22BZBPGKQB%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22WFTW2MTH%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A54%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PKQEA4KT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Adams%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAdams%2C%20K.%2C%20MacKinnon%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Nash%2C%20J.%2C%20Shroyer%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Farrar%2C%20J.%20T.%20%282019%29.%20Multi-platform%20observations%20of%20small-scale%20lateral%20mixed%20layer%20variability%20in%20the%20northern%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.%20%3Ci%3EDeep-Sea%20Research%20Part%20Ii-Topical%20Studies%20in%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E168%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2019.07.017%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2019.07.017%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multi-platform%20observations%20of%20small-scale%20lateral%20mixed%20layer%20variability%20in%20the%20northern%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shroyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farrar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Observations%20of%20the%20ocean%20surface%20boundary%20layer%20in%20the%20Northern%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20were%20collected%20simultaneously%20from%20multiple%20platforms%20during%20the%20late%20summer%20of%202015.%20A%20spatial%20survey%2C%20consisting%20of%20a%20similar%20to%204%20km%20triangle%2C%20was%20repeated%20for%202%20days%20by%20R%5C%2FV%20Roger%20Revelle.%20The%20shipboard%20observations%20included%20profiles%20of%20temperature%2C%20salinity%2C%20velocity%2C%20and%20microstructure%2C%20and%20a%20towed%20bow-chain.%20Concurrently%2C%20an%20autonomous%20surface%20vessel%20and%20a%20drifting%20vertical%20profiler%20collected%20high%20resolution%20temperature%2C%20salinity%2C%20velocity%20and%20turbulence%20measurements%20nearby.%20An%20air-sea%20flux%20mooring%20provided%20continuous%20atmospheric%20and%20upper%20ocean%20data.%20The%20observed%20ocean%20surface%20boundary%20layer%20%28SBL%29%20was%20very%20shallow%20%28%28similar%20to%29%2010%20m%29%20and%20salinity%20stratified%2C%20with%20frequent%20observations%20of%20subsurface%20temperature%20maxima.%20Freshwater%20filaments%20strongly%20influenced%20SBL%20depth%20on%20horizontal%20scales%20of%20one%20to%20tens%20of%20kilometers.%20Our%20measurements%20showed%20a%20complex%20pattern%20in%20the%20strength%20and%20vertical%20structure%20of%20shear%2C%20stratification%2C%20and%20turbulent%20heat%20fluxes%20within%20and%20just%20below%20the%20SBL.%20SBL%20heat%20flux%20was%20impacted%20by%20surface%20buoyancy%20loss%2C%20shear%20at%20the%20SBL%20base%20from%20wind-driven%20near-inertial%20oscillations%2C%20and%2C%20at%20times%2C%20vertically%20spiraling%20Ekman%20currents.%20The%20phase%20of%20near-inertial%20currents%20displayed%20significant%20submesoscale%20lateral%20variability%2C%20as%20observed%20by%20the%20multiple%20high-resolution%20synoptic%20measurements%2C%20with%20horizontal%20differences%20in%20vertical%20turbulent%20fluxes%20in%20the%20SBL%20of%20the%20ocean%20varying%20by%20an%20order%20of%20magnitude%20over%20only%20a%20few%20kilometers.%20Integrated%20air-sea%20heat%20fluxes%20diverged%20by%20about%207-15%20%25%20over%20a%20few%20days%20within%20a%20series%20of%20one-dimensional%20simulations%20initialized%20with%20simultaneously%20observed%20SBL%20profiles%20only%20a%20few%20kilometers%20apart.%20Taken%20together%2C%20our%20results%20document%20the%20variability%20of%20ocean-atmosphere%20coupling%20on%20scales%20far%20smaller%20than%20those%20used%20in%20coupled%20ocean-atmosphere%20forecast%20models.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2019.07.017%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220967-0645%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T20%3A16%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224TRRDC5J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Subramanian%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A10%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESubramanian%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Balmaseda%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Centurioni%2C%20L.%2C%20Chattopadhyay%2C%20R.%2C%20Cornuelle%2C%20B.%20D.%2C%20DeMott%2C%20C.%2C%20Flatau%2C%20M.%2C%20Fujii%2C%20Y.%2C%20Giglio%2C%20D.%2C%20Gille%2C%20S.%20T.%2C%20Hamill%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Hendon%2C%20H.%2C%20Hoteit%2C%20I.%2C%20Kumar%2C%20A.%2C%20Lee%2C%20J.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Mahadevan%2C%20A.%2C%20Matsueda%2C%20M.%2C%20Nam%2C%20S.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Zhang%2C%20C.%20D.%20%282019%29.%20Ocean%20observations%20to%20improve%20our%20understanding%2C%20modeling%2C%20and%20forecasting%20of%20subseasonal-to-seasonal%20variability.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Marine%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E6%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00427%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00427%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ocean%20observations%20to%20improve%20our%20understanding%2C%20modeling%2C%20and%20forecasting%20of%20subseasonal-to-seasonal%20variability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subramanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balmaseda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Centurioni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chattopadhyay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cornuelle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeMott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flatau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fujii%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giglio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gille%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hamill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hendon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoteit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kumar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahadevan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matsueda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paturi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rydbeck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Takaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tandon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Todd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vitart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yuan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Subseasonal-to-seasonal%20%28S2S%29%20forecasts%20have%20the%20potential%20to%20provide%20advance%20information%20about%20weather%20and%20climate%20events.%20The%20high%20heat%20capacity%20of%20water%20means%20that%20the%20subsurface%20ocean%20stores%20and%20re-releases%20heat%20%28and%20other%20properties%29%20and%20is%20an%20important%20source%20of%20information%20for%20S2S%20forecasts.%20However%2C%20the%20subsurface%20ocean%20is%20challenging%20to%20observe%2C%20because%20it%20cannot%20be%20measured%20by%20satellite.%20Subsurface%20ocean%20observing%20systems%20relevant%20for%20understanding%2C%20modeling%2C%20and%20forecasting%20on%20S2S%20timescales%20will%20continue%20to%20evolve%20with%20the%20improvement%20in%20technological%20capabilities.%20The%20community%20must%20focus%20on%20designing%20and%20implementing%20low-cost%2C%20high-value%20surface%20and%20subsurface%20ocean%20observations%2C%20and%20developing%20forecasting%20system%20capable%20of%20extracting%20their%20observation%20potential%20in%20forecast%20applications.%20S2S%20forecasts%20will%20benefit%20significantly%20from%20higher%20spatio-temporal%20resolution%20data%20in%20regions%20that%20are%20sources%20of%20predictability%20on%20these%20timescales%20%28coastal%2C%20tropical%2C%20and%20polar%20regions%29.%20While%20ENSO%20has%20been%20a%20driving%20force%20for%20the%20design%20of%20the%20current%20observing%20system%2C%20the%20subseasonal%20time%20scales%20present%20new%20observational%20requirements.%20Advanced%20observation%20technologies%20such%20as%20autonomous%20surface%20and%20subsurface%20profiling%20devices%20as%20well%20as%20satellites%20that%20observe%20the%20ocean-atmosphere%20interface%20simultaneously%20can%20lead%20to%20breakthroughs%20in%20coupled%20data%20assimilation%20%28CDA%29%20and%20coupled%20initialization%20for%20S2S%20forecasts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffmars.2019.00427%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22WQ4Y333C%22%2C%22TFFGCZNI%22%2C%22Q4IQ5F7I%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22NWLRM2I3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-04-12T20%3A11%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KP2EXTFD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tamara%20L.%20Schlosser%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETamara%20L.%20Schlosser%2C%20Nicole%20L.%20Jones%2C%20Cynthia%20E.%20Bluteau%2C%20Matthew%20H.%20Alford%2C%20Gregory%20N.%20Ivey%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Andrew%20J.%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E.%20%282019%29.%20Generation%20and%20propagation%20of%20near-inertial%20waves%20in%20a%20baroclinic%20current%20on%20the%20Tasmanian%20Shelf.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-18-0208.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-18-0208.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Generation%20and%20propagation%20of%20near-inertial%20waves%20in%20a%20baroclinic%20current%20on%20the%20Tasmanian%20Shelf%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tamara%20L.%20Schlosser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nicole%20L.%20Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cynthia%20E.%20Bluteau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthew%20H.%20Alford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gregory%20N.%20Ivey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%20Lucas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Near-inertial%20waves%20%28NIWs%29%20are%20often%20an%20energetic%20component%20of%20the%20internal%20wave%20field%20on%20windy%20continental%20shelves.%20The%20effect%20of%20baroclinic%20geostrophic%20currents%2C%20which%20introduce%20both%20relative%20vorticity%20and%20baroclinicity%2C%20on%20NIWs%20is%20not%20well%20understood.%20Relative%20vorticity%20affects%20the%20resonant%20frequency%2C%20feff%2C%20while%20both%20relative%20vorticity%20and%20baroclinicity%20modify%20the%20minimum%20wave%20frequency%20of%20freely-propagating%20waves%2C%20%5Cu03c9min.%20On%20a%20windy%20and%20narrow%20shelf%2C%20we%20observed%20wind-forced%20oscillations%20that%20generated%20NIWs%20where%20feff%20was%20less%20than%20the%20Coriolis%20frequency%20f.%20If%20everywhere%20feff%20%3E%20f%20then%20NIWs%20were%20generated%20where%20%5Cu03c9min%20%3C%20f%20and%20feff%20was%20smallest.%20The%20background%20current%20not%20only%20affected%20the%20location%20of%20generation%2C%20but%20also%20the%20NIWs%5Cu2019%20propagation%20direction.%20The%20estimated%20NIW%20energy%20fluxes%20show%20that%20NIWs%20propagated%20predominantly%20towards%20the%20equator%20because%20%5Cu03c9min%20%3E%20f%20on%20the%20continental%20slope%20for%20the%20entire%20sample%20period.%20In%20addition%20to%20being%20laterally%20trapped%20on%20the%20shelf%2C%20we%20observed%20vertically%20trapped%20and%20intensified%20NIWs%20that%20had%20a%20frequency%2C%20%5Cu03c9%2C%20within%20the%20anomalously%20low-frequency%20band%20%28i.e.%20%5Cu03c9min%20%3C%20%5Cu03c9%20%3C%20feff%29%2C%20which%20only%20exists%20if%20the%20baroclinicity%20is%20non-zero.%20We%20observed%20two%20periods%20when%20%5Cu03c9min%20%3C%20f%20on%20the%20shelf%2C%20but%20the%20relative%20vorticity%20was%20positive%20%28i.e.%20feff%20%3E%20f%29%20for%20one%20of%20these%20periods.%20The%20process%20of%20NIW%20propagation%20remained%20consistent%20with%20the%20local%20%5Cu03c9min%2C%20and%20not%20feff%2C%20emphasizing%20the%20importance%20of%20baroclinicity%20on%20the%20NIW%20dynamics.%20We%20conclude%20that%20windy%20shelves%20with%20baroclinic%20background%20currents%20are%20likely%20to%20have%20energetic%20NIWs%2C%20but%20the%20current%20and%20seabed%20will%20adjust%20the%20spatial%20distribution%20and%20energetics%20of%20these%20NIWs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-18-0208.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22PX424VPY%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-15T20%3A16%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S57MANYE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schlosser%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESchlosser%2C%20T.%20L.%2C%20Jones%2C%20N.%20L.%2C%20Musgrave%2C%20R.%20C.%2C%20Bluteau%2C%20C.%20E.%2C%20Ivey%2C%20G.%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282019%29.%20Observations%20of%20diurnal%20coastal-trapped%20waves%20with%20a%20thermocline-intensified%20velocity%20field.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E49%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%287%29%2C%201973%26%23x2013%3B1994.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-18-0194.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-18-0194.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Observations%20of%20diurnal%20coastal-trapped%20waves%20with%20a%20thermocline-intensified%20velocity%20field%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schlosser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Musgrave%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bluteau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ivey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Using%2018%20days%20of%20field%20observations%2C%20we%20investigate%20the%20diurnal%20%28D1%29%20frequency%20wave%20dynamics%20on%20the%20Tasmanian%20eastern%20continental%20shelf.%20At%20this%20latitude%2C%20the%20D1%20frequency%20is%20subinertial%20and%20separable%20from%20the%20highly%20energetic%20near-inertial%20motion.%20We%20use%20a%20linear%20coastal-trapped%20wave%20%28CTW%29%20solution%20with%20the%20observed%20background%20current%2C%20stratification%2C%20and%20shelf%20bathymetry%20to%20determine%20the%20modal%20structure%20of%20the%20first%20three%20resonant%20CTWs.%20We%20associate%20the%20observed%20D1%20velocity%20with%20a%20superimposed%20mode-zero%20and%20mode-one%20CTW%2C%20with%20mode%20one%20dominating%20mode%20zero.%20Both%20the%20observed%20and%20mode-one%20D1%20velocity%20was%20intensified%20near%20the%20thermocline%2C%20with%20stronger%20velocities%20occurring%20when%20the%20thermocline%20stratification%20was%20stronger%20and%5C%2For%20the%20thermocline%20was%20deeper%20%28up%20to%20the%20shelfbreak%20depth%29.%20The%20CTW%20modal%20structure%20and%20amplitude%20varied%20with%20the%20background%20stratification%20and%20alongshore%20current%2C%20with%20no%20spring-neap%20relationship%20evident%20for%20the%20observed%2018%20days.%20Within%20the%20surface%20and%20bottom%20Ekman%20layers%20on%20the%20shelf%2C%20the%20observed%20velocity%20phase%20changed%20in%20the%20cross-shelf%20and%5C%2For%20vertical%20directions%2C%20inconsistent%20with%20an%20alongshore%20propagating%20CTW.%20In%20the%20near-surface%20and%20near-bottom%20regions%2C%20the%20linear%20CTW%20solution%20also%20did%20not%20match%20the%20observed%20velocity%2C%20particularly%20within%20the%20bottom%20Ekman%20layer.%20Boundary%20layer%20processes%20were%20likely%20causing%20this%20observed%20inconsistency%20with%20linear%20CTW%20theory.%20As%20linear%20CTW%20solutions%20have%20an%20idealized%20representation%20of%20boundary%20dynamics%2C%20they%20should%20be%20cautiously%20applied%20on%20the%20shelf.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%5C%2F07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-18-0194.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NW9UIP4J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ramachandran%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A8%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERamachandran%2C%20S.%2C%20Tandon%2C%20A.%2C%20Mackinnon%2C%20J.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Pinkel%2C%20R.%2C%20Waterhouse%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Nash%2C%20J.%2C%20Shroyer%2C%20E.%2C%20Mahadevan%2C%20A.%2C%20Weller%2C%20R.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Farrar%2C%20J.%20T.%20%282018%29.%20Submesoscale%20processes%20at%20shallow%20salinity%20fronts%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%3A%20Observations%20during%20the%20winter%20monsoon.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E48%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20479%26%23x2013%3B509.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-16-0283.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-16-0283.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Submesoscale%20processes%20at%20shallow%20salinity%20fronts%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%3A%20Observations%20during%20the%20winter%20monsoon%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ramachandran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tandon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mackinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waterhouse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shroyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahadevan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Farrar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Lateral%20submesoscale%20processes%20and%20their%20influence%20on%20vertical%20stratification%20at%20shallow%20salinity%20fronts%20in%20the%20central%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20during%20the%20winter%20monsoon%20are%20explored%20using%20high-resolution%20data%20from%20a%20cruise%20in%20November%202013.%20The%20observations%20are%20from%20a%20radiator%20survey%20centered%20at%20a%20salinity-controlled%20density%20front%2C%20embedded%20in%20a%20zone%20of%20moderate%20mesoscale%20strain%20%280.15%20times%20the%20Coriolis%20parameter%29%20and%20forced%20by%20winds%20with%20a%20downfront%20orientation.%20Below%20a%20thin%20mixed%20layer%2C%20often%20%3C%3D%2010%20m%2C%20the%20analysis%20shows%20several%20dynamical%20signatures%20indicative%20of%20submesoscale%20processes%3A%20%28i%29%20negative%20Ertel%20potential%20vorticity%20%28PV%29%3B%20%28ii%29%20low-PV%20anomalies%20with%20O%281-10%29%20km%20lateral%20extent%2C%20where%20the%20vorticity%20estimated%20on%20isopycnals%20and%20the%20isopycnal%20thickness%20are%20tightly%20coupled%2C%20varying%20in%20lockstep%20to%20yield%20low%20PV%3B%20%28iii%29%20flow%20conditions%20susceptible%20to%20forced%20symmetric%20instability%20%28FSI%29%20or%20bearing%20the%20imprint%20of%20earlier%20FSI%20events%3B%20%28iv%29%20negative%20lateral%20gradients%20in%20the%20absolute%20momentum%20field%20%28inertial%20instability%29%3B%20and%20%28v%29%20strong%20contribution%20from%20differential%20sheared%20advection%20at%20O%281%29%20km%20scales%20to%20the%20growth%20rate%20of%20the%20depth-averaged%20stratification.%20The%20findings%20here%20show%20one-dimensional%20vertical%20processes%20alone%20cannot%20explain%20the%20vertical%20stratification%20and%20its%20lateral%20variability%20over%20O%281-10%29%20km%20scales%20at%20the%20radiator%20survey.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-16-0283.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%222F3FBK29%22%2C%2276YZHN77%22%2C%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-21T17%3A57%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226K44A25N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sinnett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESinnett%2C%20G.%2C%20Feddersen%2C%20F.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Pawlak%2C%20G.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Terrill%2C%20E.%20%282018%29.%20Observations%20of%20nonlinear%20internal%20wave%20run-up%20to%20the%20surfzone.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E48%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20531%26%23x2013%3B554.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-17-0210.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-17-0210.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Observations%20of%20nonlinear%20internal%20wave%20run-up%20to%20the%20surfzone%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sinnett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feddersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pawlak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Terrill%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20cross-shore%20evolution%20of%20nonlinear%20internal%20waves%20%28NLIWs%29%20from%208-m%20depth%20to%20shore%20was%20observed%20by%20a%20dense%20thermistor%20array%20and%20ADCP.%20Isotherm%20oscillations%20spanned%20much%20of%20the%20water%20column%20at%20a%20variety%20of%20periods.%20At%20times%2C%20NLIWs%20propagated%20into%20the%20surfzone%2C%20decreasing%20temperature%20by%20approximate%20to%201%20degrees%20C%20in%205%20min.%20When%20stratification%20was%20strong%2C%20temperature%20variability%20was%20strong%20and%20coherent%20from%2018-%20to%206-m%20depth%20at%20semi-diurnal%20and%20harmonic%20periods.%20When%20stratification%20weakened%2C%20temperature%20variability%20decreased%20and%20was%20incoherent%20between%2018-%20and%206-m%20depth%20at%20all%20frequencies.%20At%208-m%20depth%2C%20onshore%20coherently%20propagating%20NLIW%20events%20had%20associated%20rapid%20temperature%20drops%20%28Delta%20T%29%20up%20to%201.7%20degrees%20C%2C%20front%20velocity%20between%201.4%20and%207.4%20cm%20s%28-1%29%2C%20and%20incidence%20angles%20between%20-5%20degrees%20and%2023%20degrees.%20Front%20position%2C%20Delta%20T%2C%20and%20two-layer%20equivalent%20height%20z%28IW%29%20of%20four%20events%20were%20tracked%20upslope%20until%20propagation%20terminated.%20Front%20position%20was%20quadratic%20in%20time%2C%20and%20normalized%20Delta%20T%20and%20z%28IW%29%20both%20decreased%2C%20collapsing%20as%20a%20linearly%20decaying%20function%20of%20normalized%20cross-shore%20distance.%20Front%20speed%20and%20deceleration%20are%20consistent%20with%20two-layer%20upslope%20gravity%20current%20scalings.%20During%20NLIW%20rundown%2C%20near-surface%20cooling%20and%20near-bottom%20warming%20at%208-m%20depth%20coincide%20with%20a%20critical%20gradient%20Richardson%20number%2C%20indicating%20shear-driven%20mixing.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fjpo-d-17-0210.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3670%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228P36D8SK%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22HQ6RCFI9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-11-21T17%3A57%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MHKK2ZDY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Alberty%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAlberty%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Billheimer%2C%20S.%2C%20Hamann%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Ou%2C%20C.%20Y.%2C%20Tamsitt%2C%20V.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Alford%2C%20M.%20H.%20%282017%29.%20A%20reflecting%2C%20steepening%2C%20and%20breaking%20internal%20tide%20in%20a%20submarine%20canyon.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E122%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%288%29%2C%206872%26%23x2013%3B6882.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc012583%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2016jc012583%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20reflecting%2C%20steepening%2C%20and%20breaking%20internal%20tide%20in%20a%20submarine%20canyon%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alberty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Billheimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hamann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tamsitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Submarine%20canyons%20are%20common%20features%20of%20the%20coastal%20ocean.%20Although%20they%20are%20known%20to%20be%20hotspots%20of%20turbulence%20that%20enhance%20diapycnal%20transport%20in%20their%20stratified%20waters%2C%20the%20dynamics%20of%20canyon%20mixing%20processes%20are%20poorly%20understood.%20Most%20studies%20of%20internal%20wave%20dynamics%20within%20canyons%20have%20focused%20on%20a%20handful%20of%20canyons%20with%20along-axis%20slopes%20less%20steep%20than%20semidiurnal%20%28D-2%29%20internal%20wave%20characteristics%20%28subcritical%29.%20Here%2C%20we%20present%20the%20first%20tidally%20resolving%20observations%20within%20a%20canyon%20with%20a%20steeply%20sloping%20axis%20%28supercritical%29.%20A%20process%20study%20consisting%20of%20two%2024%20h%20shipboard%20stations%20and%20a%20profiling%20mooring%20was%20conducted%20in%20the%20La%20Jolla%20Canyon%20off%20the%20coast%20of%20La%20Jolla%2C%20CA.%20Baroclinic%20energy%20flux%20is%20oriented%20up-canyon%20and%20decreases%20from%20182%20%2B%5C%2F-%2018%20W%20m%28-1%29%20at%20the%20canyon%20mouth%20to%2046%20%2B%5C%2F-%205%20W%20m%28-1%29%20near%20the%20head.%20The%20ratio%20of%20horizontal%20kinetic%20energy%20to%20available%20potential%20energy%20and%20the%20observed%20group%20speed%20of%20each%20mode%20are%20lower%20than%20expected%20for%20freely%20propagating%20D-2%20internal%20waves%20at%20each%20station%2C%20indicating%20partial%20reflection.%20Harmonic%20analysis%20reveals%20that%20variance%20is%20dominated%20by%20the%20D-2%20tide.%20Moving%20up-canyon%2C%20the%20relative%20importance%20of%20D-2%20decreases%20and%20its%20higher%20harmonics%20are%20needed%20to%20account%20for%20a%20majority%20of%20the%20observed%20variance%2C%20indicating%20steepening.%20Steep%20internal%20tides%20cause%20large%20isopycnal%20displacements%20%28approximate%20to%2050%20m%20in%20100%20m%20water%20depth%29%20and%20high%20strain%20events.%20These%20events%20coincide%20with%20enhanced%20O%28%2010-7-10-5%20m%282%29%20s%28-3%29%29%20dissipation%20of%20turbulent%20kinetic%20energy%20at%20mid-depths.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2016jc012583%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22PX424VPY%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-27T16%3A55%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BBY2HEV6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lucas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Pinkel%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Alford%2C%20M.%20%282017%29.%20Ocean%20wave%20energy%20for%20long%20endurance%2C%20broad%20bandwidth%20ocean%20monitoring.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20126%26%23x2013%3B127.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2017.232%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2017.232%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ocean%20wave%20energy%20for%20long%20endurance%2C%20broad%20bandwidth%20ocean%20monitoring%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jun%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2017.232%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22PX424VPY%22%2C%2276YZHN77%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-02-17T18%3A21%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22763HSFR8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Centurioni%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A16%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECenturioni%2C%20L.%20R.%2C%20Hormann%2C%20V.%2C%20Talley%2C%20L.%20D.%2C%20Arzeno%2C%20I.%2C%20Beal%2C%20L.%2C%20Caruso%2C%20M.%2C%20Conry%2C%20P.%2C%20Echols%2C%20R.%2C%20Fernando%2C%20H.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Giddings%2C%20S.%20N.%2C%20Gordon%2C%20A.%2C%20Graber%2C%20H.%2C%20Harcourt%2C%20R.%20R.%2C%20Jayne%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20Jensen%2C%20T.%20G.%2C%20Lee%2C%20C.%20M.%2C%20Lermusiaux%2C%20P.%20F.%20J.%2C%20L%26%23x2019%3BHegaret%2C%20P.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Wang%2C%20H.%20%282017%29.%20Northern%20Arabian%20Sea%20Circulation%20Autonomous%20Research%20%28NASCar%29%3A%20A%20research%20initiative%20based%20on%20autonomous%20sensors.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2074%26%23x2013%3B87.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2017.224%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2017.224%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Northern%20Arabian%20Sea%20Circulation%20Autonomous%20Research%20%28NASCar%29%3A%20A%20research%20initiative%20based%20on%20autonomous%20sensors%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Centurioni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hormann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arzeno%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caruso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Conry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Echols%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giddings%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gordon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graber%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harcourt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jayne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20F.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lermusiaux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%27Hegaret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahadevan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McClean%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pawlak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rainville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Seo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shcherbina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Skyllingstad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sprintall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Subrahmanyam%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Terrill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Todd%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ulloa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Arabian%20Sea%20circulation%20is%20forced%20by%20strong%20monsoonal%20winds%20and%20is%20characterized%20by%20vigorous%20seasonally%20reversing%20currents%2C%20extreme%20differences%20in%20sea%20surface%20salinity%2C%20localized%20substantial%20upwelling%2C%20and%20widespread%20submesoscale%20thermohaline%20structures.%20Its%20complicated%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20patterns%20are%20important%20for%20the%20onset%20and%20evolution%20of%20the%20Asian%20monsoon.%20This%20article%20describes%20a%20program%20that%20aims%20to%20elucidate%20the%20role%20of%20upper-ocean%20processes%20and%20atmospheric%20feedbacks%20in%20setting%20the%20sea%20surface%20temperature%20properties%20of%20the%20region.%20The%20wide%20range%20of%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales%20and%20the%20difficulty%20of%20accessing%20much%20of%20the%20region%20with%20ships%20due%20to%20piracy%20motivated%20a%20novel%20approach%20based%20on%20state-of-the-art%20autonomous%20ocean%20sensors%20and%20platforms.%20The%20extensive%20data%20set%20that%20is%20being%20collected%2C%20combined%20with%20numerical%20models%20and%20remote%20sensing%20data%2C%20confirms%20the%20role%20of%20planetary%20waves%20in%20the%20reversal%20of%20the%20Somali%20Current%20system.%20These%20data%20also%20document%20the%20fast%20response%20of%20the%20upper%20equatorial%20ocean%20to%20monsoon%20winds%20through%20changes%20in%20temperature%20and%20salinity%20and%20the%20connectivity%20of%20the%20surface%20currents%20across%20the%20northern%20Indian%20Ocean.%20New%20observations%20of%20thermohaline%20interleaving%20structures%20and%20mixing%20in%20setting%20the%20surface%20temperature%20properties%20of%20the%20northern%20Arabian%20Sea%20are%20also%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2017.224%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q4IQ5F7I%22%2C%228P36D8SK%22%2C%22PZ2N5H7C%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22AR4GIKGB%22%2C%22DU8RFMGU%22%2C%22D5R4JHBK%22%2C%22JBN2ZMD6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-02-17T18%3A22%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PPKH4QH9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Omand%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOmand%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Cetinic%2C%20I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%20%282017%29.%20Using%20Bio-Optics%20to%20Reveal%20Phytoplankton%20Physiology%20from%20a%20Wirewalker%20Autonomous%20Platform.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E30%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20128%26%23x2013%3B131.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2017.233%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2017.233%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20Bio-Optics%20to%20Reveal%20Phytoplankton%20Physiology%20from%20a%20Wirewalker%20Autonomous%20Platform%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Omand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cetinic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Rapid%2C%20wave-powered%20profiling%20of%20bio-optical%20properties%20from%20an%20autonomous%20Wirewalker%20platform%20provides%20useful%20insights%20into%20phytoplankton%20physiology%2C%20including%20the%20patterns%20of%20diel%20growth%2C%20phytoplankton%20mortality%2C%20nonphotochemical%20quenching%20of%20chlorophyll%20a%20fluorescence%2C%20and%20natural%20%28sun-induced%29%20fluorescence%20of%20mixed%20communities.%20Methods%20are%20proposed%20to%20quantify%20each%20of%20these%20processes.%20Such%20autonomous%20measurements%20of%20phytoplankton%20physiological%20rates%20and%20responses%20open%20up%20new%20possibilities%20for%20studying%20phytoplankton%20in%20situ%2C%20over%20longer%20periods%2C%20and%20under%20a%20broader%20range%20of%20environmental%20conditions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2017.233%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22V37JPXJ6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lucas%20and%20Kudela%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kudela%2C%20R.%20M.%20%282017%29.%20The%20fine-scale%20vertical%20variability%20of%20a%20wastewater%20plume%20in%20shallow%2C%20stratified%20coastal%20waters.%20%3Ci%3EEstuarine%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E186%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20183%26%23x2013%3B197.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2015.08.010%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2015.08.010%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20fine-scale%20vertical%20variability%20of%20a%20wastewater%20plume%20in%20shallow%2C%20stratified%20coastal%20waters%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kudela%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20observed%20the%20fine-scale%20vertical%20variability%20of%20a%20wastewater%20plume%20discharged%20into%20shallow%2C%20stratified%20coastal%20waters%20with%20a%20set%20of%20wave-powered%20profiling%20moorings%20and%20bottom-mounted%20Acoustic%20Doppler%20Current%20Profilers.%20These%20in%20situ%20observations%20demonstrated%20that%20the%20effluent%20plume%20occupied%20a%20variable%20portion%20of%20the%20water%20column%2C%20but%20was%20typically%20at%20or%20above%20the%20pycnocline.%20The%20plume%20was%20characterized%20by%20small%20vertical%20scales%20away%20from%20the%20surface%2C%20while%20complicated%20patterns%20of%20vertical%20temperature%20and%20salinity%20compensation%20were%20found%20in%20the%20plume%20above%20the%20pycnocline.%20The%20particular%20design%20of%20the%20diffuser%20led%20to%20an%20effluent%20plume%20that%20was%20roughly%20split%20between%20depth-trapped%20and%20trapped%20at%20the%20surface.%20Estimates%20of%20dilution%20from%20temperature%5C%2Fsalinity%20diagrams%20indicated%20that%20the%20plume%20dilution%20ranged%20between%2060%20and%20120%2C%20and%20that%20the%20environmental%20mixing%20end-members%20ranged%20from%20waters%20well%20below%20the%20pycnocline%20to%20the%20waters%20at%20or%20near%20the%20surface.%20Far%20from%20the%20outfall%2C%20oceanographic%20variability%20at%20frequencies%20equal%20to%20and%20higher%20than%20the%20diurnal%20frequency%20dominated%20the%20vertical%20shear%20in%20local%20currents%20and%20thus%20the%20vertical%20and%20temporal%20distribution%20of%20the%20plume.%20Mixing%20driven%20by%20the%20high%20frequency%20non-linear%20internal%20waves%20and%20bore-like%20manifestations%20of%20the%20cross-shore%20baroclinic%20tide%2C%20as%20suggested%20by%20elevated%20inverse%20Richardson%20number%20within%20the%20leading%20and%20trailing%20edge%20of%20the%20bores%2C%20was%20likely%20the%20primary%20source%20of%20mixing%20between%20the%20plume%20and%20ambient%20waters%20far%20from%20the%20outfall.%20Complicated%20patterns%20in%20plume%20water%20characteristics%20demonstrated%20the%20complexity%20of%20the%20plume%20dilution%20even%20in%20a%20surfacing%20plume.%20The%20co-occurrence%20of%20elevated%20chlorophyll%20fluorescence%20and%20plume%20waters%20was%20evident%20in%20the%20later%20part.of%20the%20diversion%20period%2C%20but%20the%20overall%20response%20of%20the%20phytoplankton%20to%20the%20effluent%20diversion%20was%20limited.%20Implications%20for%20outfall%20wastewater%20monitoring%20and%20diffuser%20design%20are%20briefly%20considered.%20%28C%29%202015%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2015.08.010%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220272-7714%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22INBQ7BB9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kudela%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKudela%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Hayashi%2C%20K.%2C%20Howard%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McLaughlin%2C%20K.%20%282017%29.%20Death%20from%20below%3A%20Investigation%20of%20inhibitory%20factors%20in%20bloom%20development%20during%20a%20wastewater%20effluent%20diversion.%20%3Ci%3EEstuarine%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E186%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20209%26%23x2013%3B222.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2013.07.021%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2013.07.021%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Death%20from%20below%3A%20Investigation%20of%20inhibitory%20factors%20in%20bloom%20development%20during%20a%20wastewater%20effluent%20diversion%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kudela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hayashi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Howard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McLaughlin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Eutrophication%20of%20coastal%20waters%20is%20an%20urgent%20and%20globally%20increasing%20problem.%20A%20significant%20source%20of%20nutrients%20to%20Southern%20California%20coastal%20waters%20is%20direct%20discharge%20of%20secondarily%20treated%20wastewater%20effluent%20from%20regional%20Publicly%20Owned%20Treatment%20Works.%20The%20planned%20diversion%20of%20treated%20wastewater%20from%20the%20Orange%20County%20Sanitation%20District%27s%20main%20%285-mile%29%20pipe%20to%20a%20shallow%201-mile%20pipe%20off%20Huntington%20Beach%2C%20CA%20in%20autumn%202012%20provided%20an%20unprecedented%20opportunity%20to%20monitor%20the%20response%20of%20the%20coastal%20phytoplankton%20community%20to%20a%20major%20anthropogenic%20loading%20event.%20Despite%20the%20continuous%20release%20of%20approximately%2011.07%20x%2010%286%29%20m%283%29%20of%20effluent%20containing%201743%20mu%20M%20ammonium%2C%20there%20was%20virtually%20no%20detectable%20change%20in%20phytoplankton%20biomass%2C%20in%20striking%20contrast%20to%20the%20harmful%20algal%20bloom%20dominated%20community%20that%20quickly%20developed%20in%20response%20to%20a%20comparable%20diversion%20in%20Santa%20Monica%20Bay%20in%202006.%20Field%20and%20laboratory%20studies%20demonstrate%20that%20disinfection%20byproducts%20associated%20with%20enhanced%20dechlorination%20were%20present%20in%20the%20discharged%20water%2C%20and%20that%20these%20compounds%20had%20a%20strong%20inhibitory%20impact%20on%20phytoplankton%20photophysiology%20and%20growth%2C%20lasting%2024%20h%20for%20photosynthetic%20performance%20and%20at%20least%203%20d%20for%20growth%2C%20assessed%20as%20change%20in%20chlorophyll.%20Thus%2C%20the%20perhaps%20fortuitous%20unintended%20consequence%20of%20enhanced%20chlorination%20was%20the%20production%20of%20inhibitory%20compounds%20that%20suppressed%20the%20potential%20phytoplankton%20response%20over%20a%20large%20swath%20of%20the%20continental%20shelf%20during%20the%20diversion.%20%28C%29%202015%20The%20Authors.%20Published%20by%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecss.2013.07.021%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220272-7714%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZY9Y3T2H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hemantha%20W.%20Wijesekera%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHemantha%20W.%20Wijesekera%2C%20Emily%20Shroyer%2C%20Amit%20Tandon%2C%20M.%20Ravichandran%2C%20Debasis%20Sengupta%2C%20S.%20U.%20P.%20Jinadasa%2C%20Harindra%20J.%20S.%20Fernando%2C%20Neeraj%20Agrawal%2C%20K.%20Arulananthan%2C%20G.%20S.%20Bhat%2C%20Mark%20Baumgartner%2C%20Jared%20Buckley%2C%20Luca%20Centurioni%2C%20Patrick%20Conry%2C%20J.%20Thomas%20Farrar%2C%20Arnold%20L.%20Gordon%2C%20Verena%20Hormann%2C%20Ewa%20Jarosz%2C%20Tommy%20G.%20Jensen%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Caitlin%20B.%20Whalen.%20%282016%29.%20ASIRI%3A%20An%20Ocean%26%23x2013%3BAtmosphere%20Initiative%20for%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.%20%3Ci%3EBulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E97%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2810%29%2C%201859%26%23x2013%3B1884.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-14-00197.1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-14-00197.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22ASIRI%3A%20An%20Ocean%5Cu2013Atmosphere%20Initiative%20for%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hemantha%20W.%20Wijesekera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Emily%20Shroyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amit%20Tandon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22M.%20Ravichandran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Debasis%20Sengupta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22S.%20U.%20P.%20Jinadasa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harindra%20J.%20S.%20Fernando%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neeraj%20Agrawal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22K.%20Arulananthan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G.%20S.%20Bhat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mark%20Baumgartner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jared%20Buckley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luca%20Centurioni%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Patrick%20Conry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22J.%20Thomas%20Farrar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnold%20L.%20Gordon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verena%20Hormann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ewa%20Jarosz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tommy%20G.%20Jensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shaun%20Johnston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthias%20Lankhorst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Craig%20M.%20Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laura%20S.%20Leo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iossif%20Lozovatsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%20Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20Mackinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amala%20Mahadevan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melissa%20M.%20Omand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hieu%20Pham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robert%20Pinkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Luc%20Rainville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sanjiv%20Ramachandran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daniel%20L.%20Rudnick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sutanu%20Sarkar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Uwe%20Send%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rashmi%20Sharma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harper%20Simmons%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kathleen%20M.%20Stafford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louis%20St.%20Laurent%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karan%20Venayagamoorthy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ramasamy%20Venkatesan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22William%20J.%20Teague%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22David%20W.%20Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amy%20F.%20Waterhouse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robert%20Weller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caitlin%20B.%20Whalen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Air%5Cu2013Sea%20Interactions%20in%20the%20Northern%20Indian%20Ocean%20%28ASIRI%29%20is%20an%20international%20research%20effort%20%282013%5Cu201317%29%20aimed%20at%20understanding%20and%20quantifying%20coupled%20atmosphere%5Cu2013ocean%20dynamics%20of%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20%28BoB%29%20with%20relevance%20to%20Indian%20Ocean%20monsoons.%20Working%20collaboratively%2C%20more%20than%2020%20research%20institutions%20are%20acquiring%20field%20observations%20coupled%20with%20operational%20and%20high-resolution%20models%20to%20address%20scientific%20issues%20that%20have%20stymied%20the%20monsoon%20predictability.%20ASIRI%20combines%20new%20and%20mature%20observational%20technologies%20to%20resolve%20submesoscale%20to%20regional-scale%20currents%20and%20hydrophysical%20fields.%20These%20data%20reveal%20BoB%5Cu2019s%20sharp%20frontal%20features%2C%20submesoscale%20variability%2C%20low-salinity%20lenses%20and%20filaments%2C%20and%20shallow%20mixed%20layers%2C%20with%20relatively%20weak%20turbulent%20mixing.%20Observed%20physical%20features%20include%20energetic%20high-frequency%20internal%20waves%20in%20the%20southern%20BoB%2C%20energetic%20mesoscale%20and%20submesoscale%20features%20including%20an%20intrathermocline%20eddy%20in%20the%20central%20BoB%2C%20and%20a%20high-resolution%20view%20of%20the%20exchange%20along%20the%20periphery%20of%20Sri%20Lanka%2C%20which%20includes%20the%20100-km-wide%20East%20India%20Coastal%20Current%20%28EICC%29%20carrying%20low-salinity%20water%20out%20of%20the%20BoB%20and%20an%20adjacent%2C%20broad%20northward%20flow%20%28%5Cu223c300%20km%20wide%29%20that%20carries%20high-salinity%20water%20into%20BoB%20during%20the%20northeast%20monsoon.%20Atmospheric%20boundary%20layer%20%28ABL%29%20observations%20during%20the%20decaying%20phase%20of%20the%20Madden%5Cu2013Julian%20oscillation%20%28MJO%29%20permit%20the%20study%20of%20multiscale%20atmospheric%20processes%20associated%20with%20non-MJO%20phenomena%20and%20their%20impacts%20on%20the%20marine%20boundary%20layer.%20Underway%20analyses%20that%20integrate%20observations%20and%20numerical%20simulations%20shed%20light%20on%20how%20air%5Cu2013sea%20interactions%20control%20the%20ABL%20and%20upper-ocean%20processes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1175%5C%2Fbams-d-14-00197.1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22Q4IQ5F7I%22%2C%22T7QYKVBH%22%2C%22DKWVJK25%22%2C%222F3FBK29%22%2C%2276YZHN77%22%2C%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22HXINLQGK%22%2C%22JBN2ZMD6%22%2C%22Y5A7BU6J%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T20%3A39%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HI8IZ6UN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lucas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A6%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Nash%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Pinkel%2C%20R.%2C%20MacKinnon%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Tandon%2C%20A.%2C%20Mahadevan%2C%20A.%2C%20Omand%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Freilich%2C%20M.%2C%20Sengupta%2C%20D.%2C%20Ravichandran%2C%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Le%20Boyer%2C%20A.%20%282016%29.%20Adrift%20upon%20a%20salinity-stratified%20sea%3A%20A%20view%20of%20upper-ocean%20processes%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20during%20the%20southwest%20monsoon.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20134%26%23x2013%3B145.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.46%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.46%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Adrift%20upon%20a%20salinity-stratified%20sea%3A%20A%20view%20of%20upper-ocean%20processes%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20during%20the%20southwest%20monsoon%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tandon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahadevan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Omand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freilich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sengupta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ravichandran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Boyer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20structure%20and%20variability%20of%20upper-ocean%20properties%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20%28BoB%29%20modulate%20air-sea%20interactions%2C%20which%20profoundly%20influence%20the%20pattern%20and%20intensity%20of%20monsoonal%20precipitation%20across%20the%20Indian%20subcontinent.%20In%20turn%2C%20the%20bay%20receives%20a%20massive%20amount%20of%20freshwater%20through%20river%20input%20at%20its%20boundaries%20and%20from%20heavy%20local%20rainfall%2C%20leading%20to%20a%20salinity-stratified%20surface%20ocean%20and%20shallow%20mixed%20layers.%20Small-scale%20oceanographic%20processes%20that%20drive%20variability%20in%20near-surface%20BoB%20waters%20complicate%20the%20tight%20coupling%20between%20ocean%20and%20atmosphere%20implicit%20in%20this%20seasonal%20feedback.%20Unraveling%20these%20ocean%20dynamics%20and%20their%20impact%20on%20air-sea%20interactions%20is%20critical%20to%20improving%20the%20forecasting%20of%20intraseasonal%20variability%20in%20the%20southwest%20monsoon.%20To%20that%20end%2C%20we%20deployed%20a%20wave-powered%2C%20rapidly%20profiling%20system%20capable%20of%20measuring%20the%20structure%20and%20variability%20of%20the%20upper%20100%20m%20of%20the%20BoB.%20The%20evolution%20of%20upper-ocean%20structure%20along%20the%20trajectory%20of%20the%20instrument%27s%20roughly%20two-week%20drift%2C%20along%20with%20direct%20estimates%20of%20vertical%20fluxes%20of%20salt%20and%20heat%2C%20permit%20assessment%20of%20the%20contributions%20of%20various%20phenomena%20to%20temporal%20and%20spatial%20variability%20in%20the%20surface%20mixed%20layer%20depth.%20Further%2C%20these%20observations%20suggest%20that%20the%20particular%20%5C%22barrier-layer%5C%22%20stratification%20found%20in%20the%20BoB%20may%20decrease%20the%20influence%20of%20the%20wind%20on%20mixing%20processes%20in%20the%20interior%2C%20thus%20isolating%20the%20upper%20ocean%20from%20the%20interior%20below%2C%20and%20tightening%20its%20coupling%20to%20the%20atmosphere%20above.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.46%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2276YZHN77%22%2C%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%2C%22UNB2Z6N4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T20%3A41%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XLQUCAHA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jinadasa%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJinadasa%2C%20S.%20U.%20P.%2C%20Lozovatsky%2C%20I.%2C%20Planella-Morato%2C%20J.%2C%20Nash%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20MacKinnon%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Wijesekera%2C%20H.%20W.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fernando%2C%20H.%20J.%20S.%20%282016%29.%20Ocean%20turbulence%20and%20mixing%20around%20Sri%20Lanka%20and%20in%20adjacent%20waters%20of%20the%20northern%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20170%26%23x2013%3B179.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.49%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.49%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ocean%20turbulence%20and%20mixing%20around%20Sri%20Lanka%20and%20in%20adjacent%20waters%20of%20the%20northern%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20U.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jinadasa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lozovatsky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Planella-Morato%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wijesekera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fernando%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20a%20part%20of%20the%20US%20Air-Sea%20Interactions%20Regional%20Initiative%2C%20the%20first%20extensive%20set%20of%20turbulent%20kinetic%20energy%20dissipation%20rate%20%28epsilon%29%20measurements%20from%20microstructure%20profilers%20were%20obtained%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20%28BoB%29%20and%20around%20Sri%20Lanka%20during%202013-2015.%20The%20observations%20span%20almost%201%2C200%20km%20meridionally%2C%20and%20capture%20the%20dynamics%20associated%20with%20a%20variety%20of%20mesoscale%20and%20submesoscale%20features.%20High%20freshwater%20input%20in%20the%20northern%20part%20of%20the%20basin%20leads%20to%20regions%20of%20intense%20near-surface%20stratification%2C%20which%20become%20weaker%20moving%20south.%20The%20thin%20layers%20trap%20mechanical%20energy%20input%20from%20the%20atmosphere%2C%20often%20confining%20turbulence%20to%20the%20surface%20boundary%20layer.%20These%20thin%20layers%20can%20form%20shallow%20fronts%2C%20which%20at%20times%20resemble%20turbulent%20gravity%20currents%20%28Sarkar%20et%20al.%2C%202016%2C%20in%20this%20issue%29%2C%20and%20are%20associated%20with%20high%20levels%20of%20mixing.%20Away%20from%20the%20local%20frontal%20zones%2C%20turbulence%20in%20the%20surface%20low-salinity%20layer%20appears%20to%20be%20decoupled%20from%20the%20underlying%20pycnocline%2C%20where%20turbulence%20occurs%20only%20in%20rare%20and%20sporadic%20breaking%20events.%20A%20striking%20feature%20common%20to%20all%20of%20the%20data%20acquired%20is%20a%20dearth%20of%20turbulent%20mixing%20at%20depth%2C%20a%20condition%20that%20appears%20to%20be%20pervasive%20throughout%20the%20basin%20except%20during%20the%20passage%20of%20tropical%20storms.%20It%20is%20likely%20that%20the%20strong%20near-surface%20stratification%20effectively%20isolates%20the%20deeper%20water%20column%20from%20mechanical%20penetration%20of%20atmospheric%20energy.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.49%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T20%3A42%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XE78UII5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22MacKinnon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A14%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMacKinnon%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Nash%2C%20J.%20D.%2C%20Alford%2C%20M.%20H.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Mickett%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Shroyer%2C%20E.%20L.%2C%20Waterhouse%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Tandon%2C%20A.%2C%20Sengupta%2C%20D.%2C%20Mahadevan%2C%20A.%2C%20Ravichandran%2C%20M.%2C%20Pinkel%2C%20R.%2C%20Rudnick%2C%20D.%20L.%2C%20Whalen%2C%20C.%20B.%2C%20Alberty%2C%20M.%20S.%2C%20Lekha%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Fine%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Chaudhuri%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wagner%2C%20G.%20L.%20%282016%29.%20A%20tale%20of%20two%20spicy%20seas.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%2050%26%23x2013%3B61.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.38%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.38%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20tale%20of%20two%20spicy%20seas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKinnon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mickett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shroyer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waterhouse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tandon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sengupta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahadevan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ravichandran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinkel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rudnick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whalen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alberty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lekha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaudhuri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wagner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Upper-ocean%20turbulent%20heat%20fluxes%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20and%20the%20Arctic%20Ocean%20drive%20regional%20monsoons%20and%20sea%20ice%20melt%2C%20respectively%2C%20important%20issues%20of%20societal%20interest.%20In%20both%20cases%2C%20accurate%20prediction%20of%20these%20heat%20transports%20depends%20on%20proper%20representation%20of%20the%20small-scale%20structure%20of%20vertical%20stratification%2C%20which%20in%20turn%20is%20created%20by%20a%20host%20of%20complex%20submesoscale%20processes.%20Though%20half%20a%20world%20apart%20and%20having%20dramatically%20different%20temperatures%2C%20there%20are%20surprising%20similarities%20between%20the%20two%3A%20both%20have%20%281%29%20very%20fresh%20surface%20layers%20that%20are%20largely%20decoupled%20from%20the%20ocean%20below%20by%20a%20sharp%20halocline%20barrier%2C%20%282%29%20evidence%20of%20interleaving%20lateral%20and%20vertical%20gradients%20that%20set%20upper-ocean%20stratification%2C%20and%20%283%29%20vertical%20turbulent%20heat%20fluxes%20within%20the%20upper%20ocean%20that%20respond%20sensitively%20to%20these%20structures.%20However%2C%20there%20are%20clear%20differences%20in%20each%20ocean%27s%20horizontal%20scales%20of%20variability%2C%20suggesting%20that%20despite%20similar%20background%20states%2C%20the%20sharpening%20and%20evolution%20of%20mesoscale%20gradients%20at%20convergence%20zones%20plays%20out%20quite%20differently.%20Here%2C%20we%20conduct%20a%20qualitative%20and%20statistical%20comparison%20of%20these%20two%20seas%2C%20with%20the%20goal%20of%20bringing%20to%20light%20fundamental%20underlying%20dynamics%20that%20will%20hopefully%20improve%20the%20accuracy%20of%20forecast%20models%20in%20both%20parts%20of%20the%20world.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.38%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22VU3YX83C%22%2C%22PX424VPY%22%2C%22T7QYKVBH%22%2C%222F3FBK29%22%2C%2276YZHN77%22%2C%22ZWQ774MD%22%2C%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-03T20%3A41%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NFM55KLZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lotliker%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELotliker%2C%20A.%20A.%2C%20Omand%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Laney%2C%20S.%20R.%2C%20Mahadevan%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Ravichandran%2C%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Penetrative%20radiative%20flux%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.%20%3Ci%3EOceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E29%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29%2C%20214%26%23x2013%3B221.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.53%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.53%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Penetrative%20radiative%20flux%20in%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lotliker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Omand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mahadevan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ravichandran%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Bay%20of%20Bengal%20%28BoB%29%2C%20a%20semi-enclosed%20basin%20in%20the%20northern%20Indian%20Ocean%2C%20is%20a%20complex%20region%20with%20large%20freshwater%20inputs%20and%20strong%20vertical%20stratification%20that%20result%20in%20a%20shallow%2C%20spatially%20variable%20mixed%20layer.%20With%20the%20exception%20of%20shortwave%20insolation%2C%20the%20air-sea%20heat%20exchange%20occurs%20at%20the%20sea%20surface%20and%20is%20vertically%20redistributed%20by%20mixing%20and%20advection.%20Strongly%20stratified%2C%20shallow%20mixed%20layers%20inhibit%20vertical%20mixing%2C%20and%20the%20penetration%20of%20solar%20radiation%20through%20the%20base%20of%20the%20mixed%20layer%20can%20lead%20to%20redistribution%20of%20upper-ocean%20heat.%20This%20paper%20compiles%20observations%20of%20hyperspectral%20downwelling%20irradiance%20%28E-d%29%20from%2067%20profiles%20collected%20during%20six%20research%20cruises%20in%20the%20BoB%20that%20span%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20regions%20and%20seasons%20between%202009%20and%202014.%20We%20report%20attenuation%20length%20scales%20computed%20using%20double%20and%20single%20exponential%20models%20and%20quantify%20the%20penetration%20of%20radiative%20flux%20below%20the%20mixed%20layer%20depth%20%28Q%28pen%29%29.%20We%20then%20evaluate%20estimates%20of%20Qpen%20obtained%20from%20published%20chlorophyll-based%20models%20and%20compare%20them%20to%20our%20observations.%20We%20find%20that%20the%20largest%20penetrative%20heat%20flux%20%28up%20to%2040%25%20of%20the%20incident%20E-d%29%20occurs%20near%2016%20degrees%20N%20where%20the%20mixed%20layers%20are%20shallow%20and%20the%20water%20is%20optically%20clear.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5670%5C%2Foceanog.2016.53%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221042-8275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JWUVE4L6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pitcher%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPitcher%2C%20G.%20C.%2C%20Probyn%2C%20T.%20A.%2C%20du%20Randt%2C%20A.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Bernard%2C%20S.%2C%20Evers-King%2C%20H.%2C%20Lamont%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hutchings%2C%20L.%20%282014%29.%20Dynamics%20of%20oxygen%20depletion%20in%20the%20nearshore%20of%20a%20coastal%20embayment%20of%20the%20southern%20Benguela%20upwelling%20system.%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research-Oceans%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E119%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%284%29%2C%202183%26%23x2013%3B2200.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2013jc009443%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F2013jc009443%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dynamics%20of%20oxygen%20depletion%20in%20the%20nearshore%20of%20a%20coastal%20embayment%20of%20the%20southern%20Benguela%20upwelling%20system%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pitcher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Probyn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22du%20Randt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Evers-King%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lamont%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hutchings%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Acquisition%20of%20high%20resolution%20time%20series%20of%20water%20column%20and%20bottom%20dissolved%20oxygen%20%28DO%29%20concentrations%20inform%20the%20dynamics%20of%20oxygen%20depletion%20in%20St%20Helena%20Bay%20in%20the%20southern%20Benguela%20upwelling%20system%20at%20several%20scales%20of%20variability.%20The%20bay%20is%20characterized%20by%20seasonally%20recurrent%20hypoxia%20%28%3C1.42%20ml%20l%28-1%29%29%20associated%20with%20a%20deep%20pool%20of%20oxygen-depleted%20water%20and%20episodic%20anoxia%20%28%3C0.02%20ml%20l%28-1%29%29%20driven%20by%20the%20nearshore%20%28%3C20%20m%20isobath%29%20decay%20of%20red%20tide.%20Coastal%20wind%20forcing%20influences%20DO%20concentrations%20in%20the%20nearshore%20through%20its%20influence%20on%20bay%20productivity%20and%20the%20development%20of%20red%20tides%3B%20through%20shoreward%20advection%20of%20the%20bottom%20pool%20of%20oxygen-depleted%20water%20as%20determined%20by%20the%20upwelling-downwelling%20cycle%3B%20and%20through%20its%20control%20of%20water%20column%20stratification%20and%20mixing.%20A%20seasonal%20decline%20in%20bottom%20DO%20concentrations%20of%20approximate%20to%201.2%20ml%20l%28-1%29%20occurs%20with%20a%20concurrent%20expansion%20of%20the%20bottom%20pool%20of%20oxygen%20depleted%20water%20in%20St%20Helena%20Bay.%20Upwelling%20of%20this%20water%20into%20the%20nearshore%20causes%20severe%20drops%20in%20DO%20concentration%20%28%3C0.2%20ml%20l%28-1%29%29%2C%20particularly%20during%20end-of-season%20upwelling%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%20significant%20narrowing%20of%20the%20habitable%20zone.%20Episodic%20anoxia%20through%20the%20entire%20water%20column%20is%20caused%20by%20localized%20degradation%20of%20red%20tides%20within%20the%20confines%20of%20the%20shallow%20nearshore%20environment.%20Oxygenation%20of%20the%20nearshore%20is%20achieved%20by%20ventilation%20of%20the%20water%20column%20particularly%20with%20the%20onset%20of%20winter%20mixing.%20No%20notable%20changes%20are%20evident%20in%20comparing%20recent%20measures%20of%20bottom%20DO%20concentrations%20in%20St%20Helena%20Bay%20to%20data%20collected%20in%20the%20late%201950s%20and%20early%201960s.%20Key%20Points%20%3Clist%20id%3D%5C%22jgrc20639-list-0001%5C%22%20list-type%3D%5C%22bulleted%5C%22%3E%20%3Clist-item%20id%3D%5C%22jgrc20639-li-0001%5C%22%3EPhenology%20of%20coastal%20upwelling%20influences%20bay%20productivity%20and%20red%20tides%20%3Clist-item%20id%3D%5C%22jgrc20639-li-0002%5C%22%3EBay%20is%20subject%20to%20seasonally%20recurrent%20hypoxia%20and%20episodic%20anoxia%20%3Clist-item%20id%3D%5C%22jgrc20639-li-0003%5C%22%3ENo%20change%20in%20deep%20pool%20of%20seasonally%20hypoxic%20water%20over%20past%2050%20years%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2F2013jc009443%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222169-9275%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MLP888AF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berdalet%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerdalet%2C%20E.%2C%20McManus%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Ross%2C%20O.%20N.%2C%20Burchard%2C%20H.%2C%20Chavez%2C%20F.%20P.%2C%20Jaffe%2C%20J.%20S.%2C%20Jenkinson%2C%20I.%20R.%2C%20Kudela%2C%20R.%2C%20Lips%2C%20I.%2C%20Lips%2C%20U.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%2C%20Rivas%2C%20D.%2C%20Ruiz-de%20la%20Torre%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Ryan%2C%20J.%2C%20Sullivan%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Yamazaki%2C%20H.%20%282014%29.%20Understanding%20harmful%20algae%20in%20stratified%20systems%3A%20Review%20of%20progress%20and%20future%20directions.%20%3Ci%3EDeep-Sea%20Research%20Part%20Ii-Topical%20Studies%20in%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E101%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%204%26%23x2013%3B20.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2013.09.042%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2013.09.042%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Understanding%20harmful%20algae%20in%20stratified%20systems%3A%20Review%20of%20progress%20and%20future%20directions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berdalet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McManus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ross%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chavez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jenkinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kudela%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22U.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rivas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruiz-de%20la%20Torre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ryan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sullivan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yamazaki%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Global%20Ecology%20and%20Oceanography%20of%20Harmful%20Algal%20Blooms%20%28GEOHAB%29%20program%20of%20the%20Scientific%20Committee%20on%20Oceanic%20Research%20%28SCOR%29%20and%20the%20Intergovernmental%20Oceanographic%20Commission%20%28IOC%29%20of%20UNESCO%2C%20was%20created%20in%201999%20to%20foster%20research%20on%20the%20ecological%20and%20oceanographic%20mechanisms%20underlying%20the%20population%20dynamics%20of%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%20%28HABs%29.%20The%20ultimate%20goal%20of%20this%20research%20is%20to%20develop%20observational%20systems%20and%20models%20that%20will%20eventually%20enable%20the%20prediction%20of%20HABs%20and%20thereby%20minimize%20their%20impact%20on%20marine%20ecosystems%2C%20human%20health%20and%20economic%20activities.%20In%20August%20of%202012%2C%20a%20workshop%20was%20held%20under%20the%20umbrella%20of%20the%20GEOHAB%20program%20at%20the%20Monterey%20Bay%20Aquarium%20Research%20Institute%20%28MBARI%29.%20The%20over%20arching%20goal%20of%20this%20workshop%20was%20to%20review%20the%20current%20understanding%20of%20the%20processes%20governing%20the%20structure%20and%20dynamics%20of%20HABs%20in%20stratified%20systems%2C%20and%20to%20identify%20how%20best%20to%20couple%20physical%5C%2Fchemical%20and%20biological%20measurements%20at%20appropriate%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20scales%20to%20quantify%20the%20dynamics%20of%20HABs%20in%20these%20systems%2C%20paying%20particular%20attention%20to%20thin%20layers.%20This%20contribution%20provides%20a%20review%20of%20recent%20progress%20in%20the%20field%20of%20HAB%20research%20in%20stratified%20systems%20including%20thin%20layers%2C%20and%20identifies%20the%20gaps%20in%20knowledge%20that%20our%20scientific%20community%20should%20strive%20to%20understand%20in%20the%20next%20decade.%20%28C%29%202013%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2013.09.042%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220967-0645%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227PTZ7UNJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lucas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Pitcher%2C%20G.%20C.%2C%20Probyn%2C%20T.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kudela%2C%20R.%20M.%20%282014%29.%20The%20influence%20of%20diurnal%20winds%20on%20phytoplankton%20dynamics%20in%20a%20coastal%20upwelling%20system%20off%20southwestern%20Africa.%20%3Ci%3EDeep-Sea%20Research%20Part%20Ii-Topical%20Studies%20in%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E101%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2050%26%23x2013%3B62.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2013.01.016%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2013.01.016%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20influence%20of%20diurnal%20winds%20on%20phytoplankton%20dynamics%20in%20a%20coastal%20upwelling%20system%20off%20southwestern%20Africa%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pitcher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Probyn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kudela%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22At%20a%20coastal%20upwelling%20zone%20near%2030%20degrees%20S%20latitude%2C%20diurnal%20wind%20variability%20forced%20energetic%20inertial%20current%20oscillations%20%28%3E0.5%20m%20s%28-1%29%29%20that%20materially%20influenced%20phytoplankton%20distribution%20and%20productivity.%20The%20diurnal-inertial%20band%20resonance%20found%20at%20this%20latitude%20in%20the%20Benguela%20upwelling%20system%20allowed%20rapid%2C%20efficient%20transfer%20of%20energy%20from%20counterclockwise%20rotating%20winds%20into%20anticyclonic%20currents%20upon%20the%20onset%20of%20the%20transition%20from%20relaxation%20to%20upwelling%20conditions.%20These%20inertial%20band%20oscillations%20caused%20regular%20pycnocline%20outcropping%20at%20the%20surface%20and%20the%20vertical%20advection%20of%20nutrient-rich%20waters%20in%20the%20coastal%20zone.%20Vertical%20pycnocline%20outcropping%20was%20coincident%20with%20the%20vertical%20redistribution%20of%20chlorophyll%20a%20fluorescence%20from%20a%20subsurface%20maximum%20to%20entrainment%20into%20the%20surface%20mixed%20layer%2C%20in%20effect%20turning%20vertical%20phytoplankton%20gradients%20into%20horizontal%20ones.%20The%20shear%20caused%20by%20the%20vertical%20structure%20of%20the%20inertial%20oscillations%20during%20%28and%20after%29%20the%20onset%20of%20wind%20forcing%20was%20intense%20enough%20to%20erode%20the%20strong%20stratification%20established%20during%20a%20prior%20relaxation%20period%2C%20according%20to%20Richardson%20number%20and%20strain%20analyses.%20This%20diapycnal%20mixing%20also%20had%20the%20consequence%20of%20mixing%20heat%20and%20chlorophyll%20downwards%20and%20nutrient-rich%20water%20upwards%2C%20such%20that%20the%20surface%20nitrate%20concentration%20became%20non-zero.%20Chlorophyll%20concentrations%20thereafter%20increased%20in%20what%20qualitatively%20appeared%20to%20be%20a%20phytoplankton%20bloom.%20This%20diurnal-inertial%20resonance-driven%20mechanism%20for%20mixing-driven%20nutrient%20flux%2C%20embedded%20within%20the%20low-frequency%20advective%20vertical%20flux%20forced%20by%20Ekman%20dynamics%2C%20enhanced%20the%20efficiency%20of%20wind%20forcing%20to%20produce%20high%20phytoplankton%20productivity%2C%20and%20is%20likely%20to%20be%20of%20first-order%20importance%20in%20bloom%20dynamics%20in%20the%20study%20area%20%28including%20harmful%20algal%20blooms%29.%20Our%20results%20argue%20that%2C%20in%20general%2C%20high-frequency%20physical%20dynamics%20should%20be%20considered%20when%20studying%20the%20bottom-up%20forcing%20of%20algal%20blooms%20and%20red%20tide%20events.%20%28C%29%202013%20Elsevier%20Ltd.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.dsr2.2013.01.016%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220967-0645%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LMFZH685%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dupont%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDupont%2C%20C.%20L.%2C%20Larsson%2C%20J.%2C%20Yooseph%2C%20S.%2C%20Ininbergs%2C%20K.%2C%20Goll%2C%20J.%2C%20Asplund-Samuelsson%2C%20J.%2C%20McCrow%2C%20J.%20P.%2C%20Celepli%2C%20N.%2C%20Allen%2C%20L.%20Z.%2C%20Ekman%2C%20M.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20Hagstrom%2C%20A.%2C%20Thiagarajan%2C%20M.%2C%20Brindefalk%2C%20B.%2C%20Richter%2C%20A.%20R.%2C%20Andersson%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Tenney%2C%20A.%2C%20Lundin%2C%20D.%2C%20Tovchigrechko%2C%20A.%2C%20%26%23x2026%3B%20Bergman%2C%20B.%20%282014%29.%20Functional%20tradeoffs%20underpin%20salinity-driven%20divergence%20in%20microbial%20community%20composition.%20%3Ci%3EPLOS%20ONE%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E9%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%282%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0089549%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0089549%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Functional%20tradeoffs%20underpin%20salinity-driven%20divergence%20in%20microbial%20community%20composition%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dupont%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Larsson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yooseph%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ininbergs%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Asplund-Samuelsson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McCrow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Celepli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ekman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hagstrom%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thiagarajan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brindefalk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Andersson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tenney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lundin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tovchigrechko%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20A.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nylander%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brami%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Badger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rusch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoffman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norrby%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Friedman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinhassi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Venter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bergman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Bacterial%20community%20composition%20and%20functional%20potential%20change%20subtly%20across%20gradients%20in%20the%20surface%20ocean.%20In%20contrast%2C%20while%20there%20are%20significant%20phylogenetic%20divergences%20between%20communities%20from%20freshwater%20and%20marine%20habitats%2C%20the%20underlying%20mechanisms%20to%20this%20phylogenetic%20structuring%20yet%20remain%20unknown.%20We%20hypothesized%20that%20the%20functional%20potential%20of%20natural%20bacterial%20communities%20is%20linked%20to%20this%20striking%20divide%20between%20microbiomes.%20To%20test%20this%20hypothesis%2C%20metagenomic%20sequencing%20of%20microbial%20communities%20along%20a%201%2C800%20km%20transect%20in%20the%20Baltic%20Sea%20area%2C%20encompassing%20a%20continuous%20natural%20salinity%20gradient%20from%20limnic%20to%20fully%20marine%20conditions%2C%20was%20explored.%20Multivariate%20statistical%20analyses%20showed%20that%20salinity%20is%20the%20main%20determinant%20of%20dramatic%20changes%20in%20microbial%20community%20composition%2C%20but%20also%20of%20large%20scale%20changes%20in%20core%20metabolic%20functions%20of%20bacteria.%20Strikingly%2C%20genetically%20and%20metabolically%20different%20pathways%20for%20key%20metabolic%20processes%2C%20such%20as%20respiration%2C%20biosynthesis%20of%20quinones%20and%20isoprenoids%2C%20glycolysis%20and%20osmolyte%20transport%2C%20were%20differentially%20abundant%20at%20high%20and%20low%20salinities.%20These%20shifts%20in%20functional%20capacities%20were%20observed%20at%20multiple%20taxonomic%20levels%20and%20within%20dominant%20bacterial%20phyla%2C%20while%20bacteria%2C%20such%20as%20SAR11%2C%20were%20able%20to%20adapt%20to%20the%20entire%20salinity%20gradient.%20We%20propose%20that%20the%20large%20differences%20in%20central%20metabolism%20required%20at%20high%20and%20low%20salinities%20dictate%20the%20striking%20divide%20between%20freshwater%20and%20marine%20microbiomes%2C%20and%20that%20the%20ability%20to%20inhabit%20different%20salinity%20regimes%20evolved%20early%20during%20bacterial%20phylogenetic%20differentiation.%20These%20findings%20significantly%20advance%20our%20understanding%20of%20microbial%20distributions%20and%20stress%20the%20need%20to%20incorporate%20salinity%20in%20future%20climate%20change%20models%20that%20predict%20increased%20levels%20of%20precipitation%20and%20a%20reduction%20in%20salinity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0089549%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CDJPZIL2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A9129767%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Omand%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOmand%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Leichter%2C%20J.%20J.%2C%20Franks%2C%20P.%20J.%20S.%2C%20Guza%2C%20R.%20T.%2C%20%3Cstrong%3ELucas%3C%5C%2Fstrong%3E%2C%20A.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Feddersen%2C%20F.%20%282011%29.%20Physical%20and%20biological%20processes%20underlying%20the%20sudden%20surface%20appearance%20of%20a%20red%20tide%20in%20the%20nearshore.%20%3Ci%3ELimnology%20and%20Oceanography%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E56%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%283%29%2C%20787%26%23x2013%3B801.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4319%5C%2Flo.2011.56.3.0787%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4319%5C%2Flo.2011.56.3.0787%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physical%20and%20biological%20processes%20underlying%20the%20sudden%20surface%20appearance%20of%20a%20red%20tide%20in%20the%20nearshore%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Omand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leichter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20J.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Franks%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guza%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lucas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Feddersen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20sudden%20appearance%20at%20the%20surface%20of%20an%20alongshore-parallel%20band%20of%20red%20tide%20near%20Huntington%20Beach%2C%20California%2C%20is%20described%20in%20high%20spatial%20and%20temporal%20resolution%20using%20novel%20instrumentation%20including%20a%20global%20positioning%20system-tracked%20jet-ski.%20The%20scale%20of%20the%20surface%20chlorophyll%20a%20%28Chl%20a%29%20band%20was%20small%20%28similar%20to%20200%20m%20cross-shore%29%20and%20ephemeral%20%283%20h%29%20compared%20with%20the%20subsurface%20extent%20of%20the%20red%20tide%20%28similar%20to%202%20km%2C%20%3E%207%20d%29.%20The%20red%20tide%20was%20dominated%20by%20the%20regionally%20common%20dinoflagellate%20Lingulodinium%20polyedrum%20%28F.%20Stein%29%20and%20had%20developed%20as%20a%20subsurface%20Chl%20a%20layer%20during%20the%207%20d%20prior%20to%20the%20surface%20appearance.%20A%20few%20hours%20before%20the%20surface%20appearance%2C%20a%20subsurface%20patch%20of%20elevated%20Chl%20a%20%28Chl%20a%20%3E%2030%20mu%20g%20L%28-1%29%29%20was%20observed%20in%2013-m%20total%20depth%20in%20the%20trough%20of%20a%20shoreward-propagating%20internal%20wave%2C%20consistent%20with%20dinoflagellate%20vertical%20swimming%20interacting%20with%20the%20internal%20wave-driven%20convergence.%20Internal%20wave-breaking-induced%20vertical%20mixing%20in%20similar%20to%208-m%20water%20depth%20vertically%20spread%20the%20Chl%20a%20patch%20to%20the%20surface%2C%20creating%20the%20alongshore%20surface%20band%20similar%20to%20500%20m%20from%20shore.%20Both%20the%20subsurface%20Chl%20a%20patch%20and%20the%20surface%20Chl%20a%20band%20were%20prevented%20from%20entering%20the%20surf-zone%20by%20a%20density%20barrier%20of%20warm%20water%20adjacent%20to%20the%20beach.%20These%20high-resolution%20observations%20emphasize%20the%20role%20of%20nearshore%20physical%20dynamics%20in%20controlling%20the%20duration%20and%20intensity%20of%20red%20tide%20exposure%20to%20coastal%20habitats.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%202011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4319%5C%2Flo.2011.56.3.0787%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220024-3590%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22AQ8YYSAP%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-12T20%3A46%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Sanchez-Rios, A., Shearman, R. K., Lee, C. M., Simmons, H. L., Laurent, L. St., Lucas, A. J., Ijichi, T., & Jan, S. (2024). Characterization of Mixing at the Edge of a Kuroshio Intrusion into the South China Sea: Analysis of Thermal Variance Diffusivity Measurements. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 54(5), 1121–1142. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0007.1
McKie, T., Lucas, A. J., & MacKinnon, J. (2024). Submesoscale Dynamics in the Bay of Bengal: Inversions and Instabilities. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(3), e2023JC020563. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020563
Stokes, I. A., Kelly, S. M., Lucas, A. J., Waterhouse, A. F., Whalen, C. B., Klenz, T., Hormann, V., & Centurioni, L. (2024). A Generalized Slab Model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 54(3), 949–965. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0167.1
Ballard, M. S., Sagers, J. D., Poulain, P.-M., Mackinnon, J., Lucas, A. J., & Sanchez-Rios, A. (2023). Out-of-plane arrivals recorded by drifting hydrophones during the Northern Ocean Rapid Surface Evolution Experiment. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 154(5), 2757–2768. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0022052
Zheng, B., Lucas, A. J., Franks, P. J. S., Schlosser, T. L., Anderson, C. R., Send, U., Davis, K., Barton, A. D., & Sosik, H. M. (2023). Dinoflagellate vertical migration fuels an intense red tide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(36), e2304590120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2304590120
DeFilippis, J. P., Cornuelle, B. D., Lucas, A. J., Hodgkiss, W. S., Lenain, L., Kuperman, W. A., & Alford, M. H. (2023). Observations and simulations of caustic formation due to oceanographic fine structure. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 154(3), 1372–1388. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0020830
Pinkel, R., Nguyen, S., Smith, J. A., Lucas, A. J., Reineman, B. D., & Waterhouse, A. F. (2023). Vertical Momentum Transport by Internal Gravity Waves Above the Equatorial Undercurrent at 140°W. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(14), e2022GL101630. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101630
Masunaga, E., Alford, M. H., Lucas, A. J., & Freudmann, A. R.-M. (2023). Numerical Simulations of Internal Tide Dynamics in a Steep Submarine Canyon. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 53(11), 2669–2686. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0040.1
Schlosser, T. L., Lucas, A. J., Jones, N. L., Nash, J. D., & Ivey, G. N. (2022). Local winds and encroaching currents drive summertime subsurface blooms over a narrow shelf. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12043
Lucas, A. J., & Pinkel, R. (2022). Observations of coherent transverse wakes in shoaling nonlinear internal waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-21-0059.1
Zheng, B. F., Lucas, A. J., Pinkel, R., & Le Boyer, A. (2022). Fine-Scale Velocity Measurement on the Wirewalker Wave-Powered Profiler. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 39(2), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0048.1
Wang, J., Fu, L.-L., Haines, B., Lankhorst, M., Lucas, A. J., Farrar, J. T., Send, U., Meinig, C., Schofield, O., Ray, R., Archer, M., Aragon, D., Bigorre, S., Chao, Y., Kerfoot, J., Pinkel, R., Sandwell, D., & Stalin, S. (2022). On the Development of SWOT In Situ Calibration/Validation for Short-Wavelength Ocean Topography. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 39(5), 595–617. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0039.1
Shroyer, E., Tandon, A., Sengupta, D., Fernando, H. J. S., Lucas, A. J., Farrar, J. T., Chattopadhyay, R., de Szoeke, S., Flatau, M., Rydbeck, A., Wijesekera, H., McPhaden, M., Seo, H., Subramanian, A., Venkatesan, R., Joseph, J., Ramsundaram, S., Gordon, A. L., Bohman, S. M., … Subrahmanyam, B. (2021). Bay of Bengal intraseasonal oscillations and the 2018 monsoon onset. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(10), E1936–E1951. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0113.1
McPherson, R. A., Stevens, C. L., O’Callaghan, J. M., Lucas, A. J., & Nash, J. D. (2021). Mechanisms of lateral spreading in a near-field buoyant river plume entering a fjord. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.680874
MacKinnon, J. A., Simmons, H. L., Hargrove, J., Thomson, J., Peacock, T., Alford, M. H., Barton, B. I., Boury, S., Brenner, S. D., Couto, N., Danielson, S. L., Fine, E. C., Graber, H. C., Guthrie, J., Hopkins, J. E., Jayne, S. R., Jeon, C., Klenz, T., Lee, C. M., … Wood, K. R. (2021). A warm jet in a cold ocean. Nature Communications, 12(1), 2418. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22505-5
Stokes, I. A., & Lucas, A. J. (2021). Wave-slope soaring of the brown pelican. Movement Ecology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-021-00247-9
Hamann, M. M., Alford, M. H., Lucas, A. J., Waterhouse, A. F., & Voet, G. (2021). Turbulence driven by reflected internal tides in a supercritical submarine canyon. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 51(2), 591–609. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0123.1
Le Boyer, A., Alford, M. H., Couto, N., Goldin, M., Lastuka, S., Goheen, S., Nguyen, S., Lucas, A. J., & Hennon, T. D. (2021). Modular, Flexible, Low-Cost Microstructure Measurements: The Epsilometer. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 38(3), 657–668. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0116.1
Lekha, J. S., Lucas, A. J., Sukhatme, J., Joseph, J. K., Ravichandran, M., Kumar, N. S., Farrar, J. T., & Sengupta, D. (2020). Quasi-biweekly mode of the Asian summer monsoon revealed in Bay of Bengal surface observations. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 125(12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jc016271
Garwood, J. C., Lucas, A. J., Naughton, P., Roberts, P. L. D., Jaffe, J. S., DeGelleke, L., & Franks, P. J. S. (2020). Larval cross-shore transport estimated from internal waves with a background flow: The effects of larval vertical position and depth regulation. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11632
Jaeger, G. S., MacKinnon, J. A., Lucas, A. J., Shroyer, E., Nash, J., Tandon, A., Farrar, J. T., & Mahadevan, A. (2020). How spice is stirred in the Bay of Bengal. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 50(9), 2669–2688. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0077.1
Garwood, J. C., Musgrave, R. C., & Lucas, A. J. (2020). Life in internal waves. Oceanography, 33(3), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2020.301
Fearon, G., Herbette, S., Veitch, J., Cambon, G., Lucas, A. J., Lemarie, F., & Vichi, M. (2020). Enhanced vertical mixing in coastal upwelling systems driven by diurnal-inertial resonance: Numerical experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 125(9). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jc016208
McPherson, R. A., Stevens, C. L., O’Callaghan, J. M., Lucas, A. J., & Nash, J. D. (2020). The role of turbulence and internal waves in the structure and evolution of a near-field river plume. Ocean Science, 16(4), 799–815. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-799-2020
Jaeger, G. S., Lucas, A. J., & Mahadevan, A. (2020). Formation of interleaving layers in the Bay of Bengal. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104717
Johnston, T. M. S., MacKinnon, J. A., Colin, P. L., Haley, P. J., Lermusiaux, P. F. J., Lucas, A. J., Merrifield, M. A., Merrifield, S. T., Mirabito, C., Nash, J. D., Ou, C. Y., Siegeiman, M., Terrill, E. J., & Waterhouse, A. F. (2019). Energy and momentum lost to wake eddies and lee waves generated by the north equatorial current and tidal flows at Peleliu, Palau. Oceanography, 32(4), 110–125. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2019.417
Franks, P. J. S., Garwood, J. C., Ouimet, M., Cortes, J., Musgrave, R. C., & Lucas, A. J. (2019). Stokes drift of plankton in linear internal waves: Cross-shore transport of neutrally buoyant and depth-keeping organisms. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11389
Garwood, J. C., Lucas, A. J., Naughton, P., Alford, M. H., Roberts, P. L. D., Jaffe, J. S., DeGelleke, L., & Franks, P. J. S. (2019). A novel cross-shore transport mechanism revealed by subsurface, robotic larval mimics: Internal wave deformation of the background velocity field. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11400
Adams, K., MacKinnon, J., Lucas, A. J., Nash, J., Shroyer, E., & Farrar, J. T. (2019). Multi-platform observations of small-scale lateral mixed layer variability in the northern Bay of Bengal. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.07.017
Subramanian, A. C., Balmaseda, M. A., Centurioni, L., Chattopadhyay, R., Cornuelle, B. D., DeMott, C., Flatau, M., Fujii, Y., Giglio, D., Gille, S. T., Hamill, T. M., Hendon, H., Hoteit, I., Kumar, A., Lee, J. H., Lucas, A. J., Mahadevan, A., Matsueda, M., Nam, S., … Zhang, C. D. (2019). Ocean observations to improve our understanding, modeling, and forecasting of subseasonal-to-seasonal variability. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00427
Tamara L. Schlosser, Nicole L. Jones, Cynthia E. Bluteau, Matthew H. Alford, Gregory N. Ivey, & Andrew J. Lucas. (2019). Generation and propagation of near-inertial waves in a baroclinic current on the Tasmanian Shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0208.1
Schlosser, T. L., Jones, N. L., Musgrave, R. C., Bluteau, C. E., Ivey, G. N., & Lucas, A. J. (2019). Observations of diurnal coastal-trapped waves with a thermocline-intensified velocity field. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 49(7), 1973–1994. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0194.1
Ramachandran, S., Tandon, A., Mackinnon, J., Lucas, A. J., Pinkel, R., Waterhouse, A. F., Nash, J., Shroyer, E., Mahadevan, A., Weller, R. A., & Farrar, J. T. (2018). Submesoscale processes at shallow salinity fronts in the Bay of Bengal: Observations during the winter monsoon. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 48(3), 479–509. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0283.1
Sinnett, G., Feddersen, F., Lucas, A. J., Pawlak, G., & Terrill, E. (2018). Observations of nonlinear internal wave run-up to the surfzone. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 48(3), 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0210.1
Alberty, M. S., Billheimer, S., Hamann, M. M., Ou, C. Y., Tamsitt, V., Lucas, A. J., & Alford, M. H. (2017). A reflecting, steepening, and breaking internal tide in a submarine canyon. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(8), 6872–6882. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012583
Lucas, A. J., Pinkel, R., & Alford, M. (2017). Ocean wave energy for long endurance, broad bandwidth ocean monitoring. Oceanography, 30(2), 126–127. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.232
Centurioni, L. R., Hormann, V., Talley, L. D., Arzeno, I., Beal, L., Caruso, M., Conry, P., Echols, R., Fernando, H. J. S., Giddings, S. N., Gordon, A., Graber, H., Harcourt, R. R., Jayne, S. R., Jensen, T. G., Lee, C. M., Lermusiaux, P. F. J., L’Hegaret, P., Lucas, A. J., … Wang, H. (2017). Northern Arabian Sea Circulation Autonomous Research (NASCar): A research initiative based on autonomous sensors. Oceanography, 30(2), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.224
Omand, M. M., Cetinic, I., & Lucas, A. J. (2017). Using Bio-Optics to Reveal Phytoplankton Physiology from a Wirewalker Autonomous Platform. Oceanography, 30(2), 128–131. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.233
Lucas, A. J., & Kudela, R. M. (2017). The fine-scale vertical variability of a wastewater plume in shallow, stratified coastal waters. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 186, 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.08.010
Kudela, R. M., Lucas, A. J., Hayashi, K., Howard, M., & McLaughlin, K. (2017). Death from below: Investigation of inhibitory factors in bloom development during a wastewater effluent diversion. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 186, 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.07.021
Hemantha W. Wijesekera, Emily Shroyer, Amit Tandon, M. Ravichandran, Debasis Sengupta, S. U. P. Jinadasa, Harindra J. S. Fernando, Neeraj Agrawal, K. Arulananthan, G. S. Bhat, Mark Baumgartner, Jared Buckley, Luca Centurioni, Patrick Conry, J. Thomas Farrar, Arnold L. Gordon, Verena Hormann, Ewa Jarosz, Tommy G. Jensen, … Caitlin B. Whalen. (2016). ASIRI: An Ocean–Atmosphere Initiative for Bay of Bengal. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97(10), 1859–1884. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00197.1
Lucas, A. J., Nash, J. D., Pinkel, R., MacKinnon, J. A., Tandon, A., Mahadevan, A., Omand, M. M., Freilich, M., Sengupta, D., Ravichandran, M., & Le Boyer, A. (2016). Adrift upon a salinity-stratified sea: A view of upper-ocean processes in the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon. Oceanography, 29(2), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.46
Jinadasa, S. U. P., Lozovatsky, I., Planella-Morato, J., Nash, J. D., MacKinnon, J. A., Lucas, A. J., Wijesekera, H. W., & Fernando, H. J. S. (2016). Ocean turbulence and mixing around Sri Lanka and in adjacent waters of the northern Bay of Bengal. Oceanography, 29(2), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.49
MacKinnon, J. A., Nash, J. D., Alford, M. H., Lucas, A. J., Mickett, J. B., Shroyer, E. L., Waterhouse, A. F., Tandon, A., Sengupta, D., Mahadevan, A., Ravichandran, M., Pinkel, R., Rudnick, D. L., Whalen, C. B., Alberty, M. S., Lekha, J. S., Fine, E. C., Chaudhuri, D., & Wagner, G. L. (2016). A tale of two spicy seas. Oceanography, 29(2), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.38
Lotliker, A. A., Omand, M. M., Lucas, A. J., Laney, S. R., Mahadevan, A., & Ravichandran, M. (2016). Penetrative radiative flux in the Bay of Bengal. Oceanography, 29(2), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.53
Pitcher, G. C., Probyn, T. A., du Randt, A., Lucas, A. J., Bernard, S., Evers-King, H., Lamont, T., & Hutchings, L. (2014). Dynamics of oxygen depletion in the nearshore of a coastal embayment of the southern Benguela upwelling system. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 119(4), 2183–2200. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jc009443
Berdalet, E., McManus, M. A., Ross, O. N., Burchard, H., Chavez, F. P., Jaffe, J. S., Jenkinson, I. R., Kudela, R., Lips, I., Lips, U., Lucas, A., Rivas, D., Ruiz-de la Torre, M. C., Ryan, J., Sullivan, J. M., & Yamazaki, H. (2014). Understanding harmful algae in stratified systems: Review of progress and future directions. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 101, 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.09.042
Lucas, A. J., Pitcher, G. C., Probyn, T. A., & Kudela, R. M. (2014). The influence of diurnal winds on phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal upwelling system off southwestern Africa. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 101, 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.016
Dupont, C. L., Larsson, J., Yooseph, S., Ininbergs, K., Goll, J., Asplund-Samuelsson, J., McCrow, J. P., Celepli, N., Allen, L. Z., Ekman, M., Lucas, A. J., Hagstrom, A., Thiagarajan, M., Brindefalk, B., Richter, A. R., Andersson, A. F., Tenney, A., Lundin, D., Tovchigrechko, A., … Bergman, B. (2014). Functional tradeoffs underpin salinity-driven divergence in microbial community composition. PLOS ONE, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089549
Omand, M. M., Leichter, J. J., Franks, P. J. S., Guza, R. T., Lucas, A. J., & Feddersen, F. (2011). Physical and biological processes underlying the sudden surface appearance of a red tide in the nearshore. Limnology and Oceanography, 56(3), 787–801. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.3.0787